Table 2.
Pooled Complete Expulsion Rates by Study Follow-up Length
| All Studies | Study follow-up: longer than 6 months | Study follow-up: 3 – 6 months | Study follow-up: Less than 3 months | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placement Timing, Delivery Type, and IUD Type | Number of Studies† | Number of Women with IUDs placed with Follow-up | Complete Expulsion Rate (% Range among studies)* | Number of Studies† | Number of Women with IUDs placed with Follow-up | Complete Expulsion Rate (% Range among studies)* | Number of Studies† | Number of Women with IUDs placed with Follow-up | Complete Expulsion Rate (% Range among studies)* | Number of Studies† | Number of Women with IUDs placed with Follow-up | Complete Expulsion Rate (% Range among studies)* |
| Total | 48 | 7661 | 7.8 (0.0–37.0) | 13 | 2539 | 8.7 (0.0–25.4) | 22 | 1569 | 10.3 (0.0–37.0) | 13 | 3553 | 6.1 (0.0–19.8) |
| Interval Timing‡ | 13 | 502 | 1.8 (0.0–4.8) | 2 | 122 | 4.1 (0.0–4.8) | 9 | 262 | 0.8 (0.0–2.9) | 2 | 118 | 1.7 (0.0–2.0) |
| Mixed Timing‡$ | 3 | 2290 | 4.4 (3.6–7.5) | 0 | n/a | n/a | 0 | n/a | n/a | 3 | 2290 | 4.4 (3.6–7.5) |
| Early Timing‡ | 9 | 409 | 8.8 (0.0–46.7) | 2 | 204 | 6.9 (3.5–24.2) | 6 | 193 | 10.9 (0.0–46.7) | 1 | 12 | 8.3 |
| Inpatient | 6 | 273 | 13.2 (3.5–46.7) | 2 | 204 | 6.9 (3.5–24.2) | 3 | 57 | 36.8 (26.7–46.7) | 1 | 12 | 8.3 |
| ■ Copper-IUD | 3 | 216 | 6.9 (3.5–24.2) | 2 | 204 | 6.9 (3.5–24.2) | 0 | n/a | n/a | 1 | 12 | 8.3 |
| ■ LNG-IUD | 3 | 57 | 36.8 (26.7–46.7) | 0 | n/a | n/a | 3 | 57 | 36.8 (26,7–46.7) | 0 | n/a | n/a |
| Outpatient | 3 | 136 | 0.0 | 0 | n/a | n/a | 3 | 136 | 0.0 | 0 | n/a | n/a |
| Immediate Timing‡ | 39 | 4460 | 10.2 (0.0–26.7) | 13 | 2213 | 9.1 (0.0–25.4) | 17 | 1114 | 12.4 (0.0–26.7) | 9 | 1133 | 10.1 (0.0–21.4) |
| Vaginal deliveries | 18 | 1885 | 14.8 (4.8–43.1) | 4 | 1026 | 13.0 (4.8–23.5) | 8 | 479 | 20.3 (8.0–43.1) | 6 | 380 | 12.6 (7.8–22.2) |
| ■ Copper-IUD | 13 | 1586 | 12.4 (4.8–37.5) | 4 | 1026 | 13.0 (4.8–23.5) | 4 | 251 | 13.2 (8.0–37.5) | 5 | 309 | 9.7 (7.8–22.2) |
| ■ LNG-IUD | 8 | 299 | 27.4 (18.8–45.2) | 0 | n/a | n/a | 6 | 228 | 28.1 (19.4–45.2) | 2 | 71 | 25.4 (18.8–27.3) |
| Cesarean deliveries | 25 | 1733 | 3.8 (0.0–21.1) | 9 | 1077 | 3.9 (0.0–21.1) | 11 | 449 | 4.5 (0.0 −11.8) | 5 | 207 | 1.5 (0.0–3.2) |
| ■ Copper-IUD | 17 | 1320 | 3.8 (0.0 −15.0) | 5 | 817 | 4.0 (2.0–15.0) | 7 | 296 | 4.7 (0.0–11.8) | 5 | 207 | 1.5 (0.0–3.2) |
| ■ LNG-IUD | 7 | 261 | 2.3 (0.0–21.1) | 3 | 161 | 2.5 (0.0–21.1) | 4 | 100 | 2.0 (0.0–4.2) | 0 | n/a | n/a |
| ■ Copper or LNG | 2 | 152 | 5.9 (5.1–7.6) | 1 | 99 | 5.1 | 1 | 53 | 7.6 | 0 | n/a | n/a |
| Vaginal or Cesarean& | 5 | 842 | 13.1 (9.0–25.4) | 2 | 110 | 23.6 (20.9–25.4) | 1 | 186 | 11.3 | 2 | 546 | 11.5 (9.0–21.4) |
Abbreviations: IUD= intrauterine device; LNG= levonorgestrel; n/a=not applicable
*
Among women with IUDs placed with any follow-up
†
Some studies included and reported more than one category
‡
Immediate = ≤10 minutes of placental delivery; Early = >10 minutes to <4 weeks postpartum; Mixed =Immediate and early combined; Interval= ≥4 weeks postpartum
$
Two studies did not classify IUD placements between early and immediate timing
&
Seven studies did not specify delivery types