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. 2020 Aug 1;42(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s40902-020-00269-0

Table 1.

Common problems encountered in 3D printing

A. Possible causes and remedies of 3D printing failure due to inadequate 3D CAD data creation
1. Ingenuity during CT scanning—ingenuity during imaging to minimize metal artifacts
2. Design changes suitable for FDM 3D printer—3D CAD data creation that understands the characteristics of FDM 3D printer
3. Utilization of STL editing software—noise reduction on image, data volume reduction, loss compensation, etc.
4. Add the support structures—building in 3D CAD data creation
B. Possible causes and remedies of 3D printing failure due to 3D printing software (parameters of the slicing software)
1. Adjustment of print parameters suitable for each 3D printer
2. Adjustment of print temperature according to each filament
3. Adjustment of support structure settings for 3D printing
4. Using other 3D printing software
C. Possible causes and remedies of 3D printing failure due to 3D printer
1. Extruder (the part of the 3D printer that ejects material in semi-liquid) adjustment and/or replacement
2. Using and/or replacing other filaments
3. Using and/or replacing adhesive sheet/materials of heat beds that makes the cooling 3D models
4. Responding to temperature—room temperature adjustment and ventilation from the surroundings during 3D printing