Table 1.

Biomarkers of inflammation in OSAS patients

Reference	Number of subjects	Detecting parameter	Cytokines levels alteration	Cytokines concentrations correlated with
Nadeem et al. 2013 [33]	Meta-analysis of 2952 OSAS and 2784 controls	CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, ICAM, VCAM, and selectins	CRP↑, TNF-α↑, IL-6↑, IL-8↑, ICAM↑, VCAM↑, and selectins↑	Age, BMI, AHI
Bouloukaki et al. 2017 [34]	858 OSAS; 190 controls	CRP, fibrinogen, UA and ESR	CRP↑, fibrinogen↑, UA↑	Gender, BMI, AHI, ODI and mean and minimum SaO2, TST90 and active somking
Bozic et al. 2018 [35]	50 OSAS; 25 controls	TNF-α, IL-6 and hsCRP	TNF-α↑, IL-6↑, hsCRP↑	Plasma adropin levels
Motamedi et al. 2018 [36]	50 OSAS; 24 controls	Tau, IL-6, IL-10, CRP, TNF-α and Aβ	Tau↑, IL-6↑	AHI
Svatikova et al. 2003 [37]	20 OSAS; 17 controls	SAA	SAA↑	AHI
Sozer et al. 2018 [38]	60 OSAS; 24 controls	CRP, PTX-3, ProCT, IL-33 and sST2	PTX-3↑, IL-33↑, and sST2↑	BMI, ODI, minimum SaO2

CRP C-reactive protein, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α, IL interleukin, ICAM intercellular adhesion molecules, VCAM vascular cell adhesion molecule, BMI body mass index, AHI apnea hypopnea index, UA uric acid, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ODI oxygen desaturation index, TST90 sleep time spent with SaO₂ less than 90%, Aβ amyloid beta, SAA serum amyloid A, PTX-3 pentraxin-3, ProCT procalcitonin, sST2 soluble receptor ST2