Table 2.

Inflammation levels after CPAP treatment in OSAS patients

Reference	Number of patients	Treatment duration	Daily duration	Detecting parameter	Before treatment	After treatment
Schiza et al. 2010 [60]	528	12 months	≥ 4 h/night	CRP	CRP↑	CRP↓
Steiropoulos et al. 2009 [61]	52	6 months	≥ 4 h/night	TNF-α, IL-6, UA and CD4+ cell count	TNF-α↑ UA↑ CD4+ cell count↑	TNF-α↓ UA↓ CD4+ cell count↓
Yokoe et al. 2003 [62]	30	1 month	NA	CRP, IL-6	CRP↑ IL-6↑	CRP↓ IL-6↓
Jin et al. 2017 [63]	100	3 months	NA	IL-8, TNF-α, CRP, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and selectin	IL-8↑ TNF-α↑ CRP↑ ICAM-1↑ VCAM-1↑ selectin↑	IL-8↓ TNF-α↓ CRP↓↓ ICAM-1↓ VCAM-1↓ selectin↓
Wu et al. 2010 [64]	30	2 months	NA	HMGB1 and NOx	HMGB1↑ NOx ↓	HMGB1↓ NOx↑
Kuramoto et al. 2009 [65]	116	3 months	NA	SAA, CRP	CRP↑ SSA↑	SAA↓
Ohga et al. 2003 [66]	20	8–18 months	NA	ICAM-1, IL-8, MCP-1	ICAN-1↑ IL-8↑ MCP-1↑	ICAM-1↓ IL-8↓
Lu et al. 2017 [67]	58	2 months	NA	NF-κB, HIF-1α and SPD	NF-κB↑ HIF-1α↑ SPD↓	SPD↑ NF-κB↓ HIF-1α↓
Tichanon et al. 2016 [68]	13	3 months	≥ 5 h/night	FeNO, MDA	FeNO↑ MDA↑	FeNO↓ MDA↓

CRP C-reactive protein, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α, IL interleukin, ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecules-1, VCAM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, UA uric acid, NF-κB nuclear factor kappa B, HMGB1 high mobility group box 1, NOx nitric oxide derivative, SSA serum amyloid A, MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, HIF-1α hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, SPD surfactant protein D, FeNO fractional exhaled nitric oxide, MDA malondialdehyde, NA not administrated