Table 1.
Literature review of vasodilator stress agents in severe aortic stenosis.
| Authors | Citation | N | Drug | Technique | Safety issues |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Roy et al. [23] | Nucl Med Commun 1998; 19: 789 | 12 | Dipy | SPECT | No |
| Carpeggiani et al. [24] | J CV Med 2008; 9: 893 | 15 | Dipy | PET | No |
| Liu et al. [25] | Sci Rep 2019; 9: 12443 | 15 | Dipy | SPECT | No |
| Burwash et al. [26] | Heart 2008; 94: 1627 | 20 | Dipy | PET | No but 16 excluded |
| Rajappan et al. [27] | Circulation 2002; 105: 470 | 20 | Dipy | PET | No |
| Nemes et al. [28] | Herz 2002; 27: 780 | 21 | Dipy | TTE | No |
| Baroni et al. [29] | Heart 1996; 75: 492 | 25 | Dipy | TTE | No |
| Huikuri et al. [30] | AJC 1987; 59: 336 | 27 | Dipy | SPECT | 2 hypotension |
| Demirkol et al. [31] | Cardiology 2002; 97: 37 | 30 | Dipy | SPECT | No |
| Nemes et al. [32] | Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2009; 29,:447 | 49 | Dipy | TTE | No |
| Avakian et al. [33] | IJC 2001; 81: 21 | 110 | Dipy | SPECT | No |
| Camuglia et al. [34] | JACC 2014; 63: 1808 | 10 | IC adeno | Doppler wire | No |
| Vendrik et al. [35] | JAHA 2020; 9:e015133 | 13 | IC adeno | FFR | No |
| Wiegerinck et al. [36] | Circ CV Int 2015; 8:e002443 | 27 | IC adeno | Combo | No |
| Ahmad et al. [37] | JACC CV Int 2018; 11: 2019 | 28 | IC adeno | FFR | No |
| Scarsini et al. [38] | EuroIntervention 2018; 13: 1512 | 66 | IC adeno | FFR | No |
| Di Gioia et al. [39] | AJC 2016; 117: 1511 | 106 | IC adeno | FFR | No |
| Scarsini et al. [38] | J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2019; 12: 539 | 82 | IC/IV adeno | FFR | No |
| Stähli et al. [40] | Cardiology 2012; 123: 234 | 4 | IV adeno | FFR | No |
| Stundl et al. [41] | Clin Res Cardiol 2019; 109 | 13 | IV adeno | FFR | No |
| Lumley et al. [42] | JACC 2016; 68: 688 | 19 | IV adeno | FFR | No |
| Burgstahler et al. [43] | IJ CV Img 2008; 24: 195 | 20 | IV adeno | CMR | No |
| Hildick-Smith and Shapiro [44] | JACC 2000; 36: 1889 | 27 | IV adeno | TTE | 1 “tolerated poorly” |
| Mahmod et al. [45] | JCMR 2014; 16: 29 | 28 | IV adeno | CMR | No |
| Samuels et al. [46] | JACC 1995; 25: 99 | 35 | IV adeno | SPECT | 2 hypotension, 2 AV block |
| Gutiérrez-Barrios et al. [47] | Int J Cardiol 2017; 236: 370 | 36 | IV adeno | FFR | No |
| Stoller et al. [48] | EuroIntervention 2018; 14: 166 | 40 | IV adeno | FFR | No |
| Takemoto et al. [49] | JASE 2014; 27: 200 | 41 | IV adeno | TTE/FFR | No |
| Patsilinakos et al. [50] | Angiology 1999; 50: 309 | 50 | IV adeno | TTE/SPECT | No |
| Stanojevic et al. [51] | J Inv Card 2016; 28: 357 | 72 | IV adeno | FFR | No |
| Patsilinakos et al. [52] | JNC 2004; 11: 20 | 75 | IV adeno | SPECT | 9 AV block |
| Yamanaka et al. [53] | JACC CV Int 2018; 11: 2032 | 95 | IV adeno | FFR/SPECT | 1 AV block, 10% SBP < 40 mmHg |
| Ahn et al. [54] | JACC 2016; 67: 1412 | 117 | IV adeno | CMR | No |
| Banovic et al. [55] | Echo 2014; 31: 428 | 127 | IV adeno | TTE | No |
| Singh et al. [56] | EHJ 2017; 38: 1222 | 174 | IV adeno | CMR | No |
| Nishi et al. [57] | Coron Artery Dis 2018; 29: 223 | 9 | Mixed | FFR | No |
| Arashi et al. [58] | Cardiovasc Interv Ther 2019; 34: 269 | 13 | Mixed | FFR | No |
| Hussain et al. [59] | JNC 2017; 24: 1200 | 95 | Mixed | SPECT | No |
| Banovic et al. [60] | Coron Artery Dis 2020; 31: 166–73 | 4 | NR | FFR | No |
| Cremer et al. [61] | JNC 2014; 21: 1001 | 50 | Rega | PET | 2 hypotension |
AV = atrioventricular, adeno = adenosine, CMR = cardiac magnetic resonance, dipy = dipyridamole, FFR = fractional flow reserve, IC = intracoronary, IV = intravenous, N = number of subjects, NR = not reported, PET = positron emission tomography, rega = regadenoson, SBP = systolic blood pressure, SPECT = single-photon emission computed tomography, and TTE = transthoracic echocardiography.