Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of DM type 2 patients included in the study. The table shows the comparison of means for each demographic and clinical finding for patients not affected (no DR) and affected by DR (NPDR and PDR).
| Parameter | All DM type 2 participants | DR group | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N or (mean ± SD) | No DR group | DR group | NPDR group | PDR group |
| Males/females | 29/33 | 64/41 | 27/14 | 37/27 |
| Age (mean in years) | 61 ± 11.1 | 60 ± 10.2 | 63 ± 10.9 | 58 ± 9.6 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29 ± 6.3 | 30 ± 5.3 | 30 ± 5.1 | 30 ± 5.6 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.2 ± 1.6 | 8.1 ± 2.0∗ | 8.1 ± 1.8 | 8.1 ± 1.6 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 165 ± 45.8 | 178 ± 71.4 | 165 ± 54.4 | 186 ± 79.2 |
| TGs (mg/dL) | 178 ± 118.5 | 181 ± 112.2 | 167 ± 108.8 | 190 ± 112 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 44 ± 13.4 | 40 ± 38.8 | 39 ± 20.5 | 40 ± 47.2 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 101 ± 37.1 | 106 ± 49.0 | 96 ± 40.3 | 112 ± 52.8 |
| Irisin (ng/mL) | 174 ± 27.7 | 99 ± 27.5∗ | 114 ± 22.4 | 90 ± 25.6 |
∗ p values <0.05. DR: diabetic retinopathy. NPDR: nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy. BMI: body mass index. HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin. TC: total cholesterol. TGs: triglycerides. HDL: high-density lipoprotein. LDL: low-density lipoprotein.