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. 2020 Jul 22;2020:5047987. doi: 10.1155/2020/5047987

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Copyright © 2020 Gan Huang and Shu-Ting Pan.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PMC Copyright notice

Anatomical sites and treatment of HNC. (a) Head and neck cancers incorporate multiple anatomical regions concerning the lip (C00), oral cavity (C02-06), salivary glands (C07-08), oropharynx (C01, C09-C10), nasopharynx (C11), hypopharynx (C12-14), esophagus (C15), paranasal sinuses (C30-31), and larynx (C32). International Classification of Diseases 10th revision, website: http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/icdonlineversions/en/. (b) HNC patients with early stages (stages I and II) are recommended for single modality including surgery or radiotherapy. Comprehensive modality including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy is guided for advanced cases (stages III, IVa, and IVb). Note. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Head and Neck Cancers, website: https://www.nccn.org.