Figure 8.

Summary of synergistic antiapoptotic and antimetastatic effects exerted by Rg1 and TA3 via modulation of MAPK, CREB, β-catenin, and caspase-3 signaling pathways in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. Rg1 intensified TA3-induced activation of caspase-3. This regulation would lead to the stimulation of apoptosis induction. A combination of Rg1 and TA3 inhibited MAPKs (JNK, ERK, and p38), CREB, and β-catenin signaling pathways. This regulation would result in the inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and suppression of cell migration in human osteosarcoma cells.