Table 2.
Basic characteristics of participants and comparison between DFU (diabetic patients with foot ulceration) and NFU (diabetic patients without foot ulceration) groups.
| Variable | Total (n = 413) | NFU (n = 205) | DFU (n = 208) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (in years)∗ | 58.2 ± 13.3 | 57.9 ± 12.6 | 58.5 ± 13.9 | 0.633 |
|
| ||||
| Gender | 0.378 | |||
| Male | 206 (49.9) | 107 (52.2) | 99 (47.6) | |
| Female | 207 (50.1) | 98 (47.8) | 109 (52.4) | |
|
| ||||
| Region | <0.001 | |||
| South | 68 (16.5) | 4 (2.0) | 64 (30.8) | |
| Center | 61 (14.8) | 0 (0) | 61 (14.8) | |
| North | 284 (68.8) | 201 (98.0) | 83 (39.9) | |
| Income, NIS∗ | 2395.9 ± 1110.1 | 2600.7 ± 1203.9 | 2194.0 ± 970.5 | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Marital status | 0.598 | |||
| Single | 39 (9.4) | 20 (9.8) | 19 (9.1) | |
| Married | 292 (70.7) | 145 (70.7) | 147 (70.7) | |
| Divorced | 22 (5.3) | 8 (3.9) | 14 (6.7) | |
| Widow | 60 (14.5) | 32 (15.6) | 28 (13.5) | |
|
| ||||
| Educational level | <0.001 | |||
| Illiterate | 68 (16.5) | 19 (9.3) | 49 (23.6) | |
| Primary school | 114 (27.6) | 63 (30.7) | 51 (24.5) | |
| Secondary school | 1113 (27.4) | 71 (34.6) | 42 (20.2) | |
| University | 118 (28.6) | 52 (25.4) | 66 (31.7) | |
|
| ||||
| Employment | 0.014 | |||
| Unemployed | 218 (52.8) | 121 (59.0) | 97 (46.6) | |
| Employed | 195 (47.2) | 84 (41.0) | 111 (53.4) | |
|
| ||||
| Type of diabetes | 0.478 | |||
| Type 1 | 34 (8.2) | 19 (9.3) | 15 (7.2) | |
| Type 2 | 379 (91.8) | 186 (90.7) | 193 (92.8) | |
|
| ||||
| Type of medication | 0.024 | |||
| Tablets | 259 (62.7) | 137 (66.8) | 122 (58.7) | |
| Insulin | 141 (34.1) | 59 (28.8) | 82 (39.4) | |
| Both | 13 (3.1) | 9 (4.4) | 4 (1.9) | |
|
| ||||
| Amount of insulin | 0.179 | |||
| 0 units | 259 (62.7) | 137 (52.9) | 122 (58.7) | |
| <20 units | 12 (2.9) | 3 (1.5) | 9 (4.3) | |
| 20-40 units | 66 (16) | 31 (15.1) | 35 (16.8) | |
| >40 units | 76 (18.4) | 34 (16.6) | 42 (20.2) | |
| Fasting blood sugar∗ | 159.1 ± 57.4 | 156.6 ± 56.5 | 161.6 ± 58.2 | 0.380 |
|
| ||||
| HbA1c | <0.001 | |||
| ≤7.0 | 87 (21.0) | 77 (37.6) | 10 (4.8) | |
| >7.0 | 346 (79.0) | 128 (62.4) | 198 (95.2) | |
|
| ||||
| Duration of diabetes (in years)∗ | 11.2 ± 7.3 | 10.1 ± 7.2 | 12.3 ± 7.3 | 0.002 |
| BMI∗ | 30.8 ± 5.4 | 30.7 ± 5.3 | 30.9 ± 5.5 | 0.687 |
∗These variables are described as mean ± standard deviation; all other variables are presented as N (%) within each group. NIS = New Israeli Sheqel.