Table 3.

Summary of the quality and risk of bias assessment.

Included studies	Risk of bias assessment∗				Quality assessment∗∗ (total score)
	Reporting	External validity	Internal Validity - Bias	Internal validity - confusion and selection bias
Al Agili et al. (2004) [74]					16
Damiance (2016) [83]					15
Schultz et al. (2001) [72]					15
Pradhan et al. (2009) [78]					15
Koneru and Sigal (2009) [76]					14
Nelson et al. (2011) [77]					14
Edwards et al. (2002) [73]					12
Milnes et al. (1995) [71]					12
De Jongh et al. (2008) [75]					12
Rocha et al. (2015) [5]					11
Cardoso et al. (2011) [80]					10
Dantas Cardoso et al. (2015) [82]					10
Burtner et al. (1990) [70]					9
Paulo et al. (2017) [84]					9
Bindal et al. (2015) [81]					8
Aragão et al. (2011) [79]					8

, low risk; , unclear risk; , high risk. ^∗Adapted from Cochrane Collaboration. ^∗∗Adapted from Downs and Black, scores from zero to 17 (higher scores indicate higher quality).