TABLE 1.
Age, sex, and household characteristics of preschool children by survey: Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia project1
| Geographic grouping | Country, survey year | n | Age,2 mo | Males | Urban residence | High SES | High education3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Southeast Asia/Western Pacific | Bangladesh, 2010 | 1473 | 8.3 (6, 11) | 49.2 (46.9, 51.4) | — | — | — |
| Bangladesh, 2012 | 429 | 36.2 (6, 59) | 43.6 (33.7, 53.5) | 24.4 (16.7, 32.2) | 17.7 (9.6, 25.9) | 46.0 (35.4, 56.6) | |
| Cambodia, 2014 | 406 | 35.8 (6.1, 59.9) | 56.3 (50.8, 61.8) | 11.9 (8.3, 15.5) | 14.1 (8.2, 20.0) | 25.8 (20.7, 30.8) | |
| Laos, 2006 | 478 | 33.1 (6, 59) | 49.4 (44.8, 54.0) | 13.9 (5.4, 22.5) | 11.7 (5.1, 18.2) | 15.5 (7.8, 23.1) | |
| Mongolia, 2006 | 226 | 20.3 (6.4, 35.8) | 51.3 (44.8, 57.8) | 46.9 (40.4, 53.4) | — | 80.5 (75.3, 85.8) | |
| PNG, 2005 | 844 | 31.4 (6.0, 59.8) | 54.5 (51.3, 57.7) | 19.4 (10.0, 28.8) | 26.3 (16.6, 35.9) | — | |
| Philippines, 2011 | 1762 | 15.0 (6.0, 23.9) | 50.0 (47.1, 52.9) | 9.1 (8.4, 9.7) | 0.1 (0, 0.3) | 66.3 (61.2, 71.3) | |
| Vietnam, 2010 | 373 | 37.3 (10.4, 59.7) | 53.6 (48.9, 58.3) | 46.9 (41.3, 52.5) | — | — | |
| Africa | Cote d'Ivoire, 2007 | 708 | 31.6 (6, 59) | 53.9 (49.7, 58.1) | 50.0 (45.1, 54.9) | 19.6 (15.0, 24.2) | 12.2 (9.5, 15.0) |
| Cameroon, 2009 | 742 | 31.0 (12, 59.9) | 50.6 (47.1, 54.2) | 58.5 (48.5, 68.4) | 15.1 (12.2, 18.0) | 31.8 (27.7, 35.9) | |
| Kenya, 2007 | 862 | 19.9 (6.0, 35.9) | 52.7 (49.5, 55.8) | 0 | 20.4 (16.8, 24.1) | 12.5 (10.0, 15.0) | |
| Kenya, 2010 | 838 | 21.4 (6, 35) | 50.2 (46.7, 53.7) | 0 | 17.5 (13.8, 21.1) | 15.7 (12.3, 19.1) | |
| Liberia, 2011 | 1429 | 19.9 (6, 35.9) | 50.3 (47.4, 53.1) | 37.5 (34.0, 41.0) | 22.7 (19.4, 26.0) | — | |
| Malawi, 2016 | 1070 | 32.5 (6, 59) | 49.2 (46.1, 52.2) | 10.4 (0, 21.6) | 9.9 (4.8, 15.0) | 20.5 (11.6, 29.5) | |
| Americas | Colombia, 2010 | 3808 | 37.7 (12, 59) | 52.1 (50.0, 54.1) | 69.9 (68.6, 71.2) | 8.6 (7.2, 10.0) | 42.6 (39.7, 45.6) |
| Ecuador, 2012 | 1931 | 30.8 (6, 59) | 49.2 (45.1, 53.3) | 65.3 (53.2, 77.3) | 13.1 (9.3, 16.8) | 67.3 (62.9, 71.6) | |
| Mexico, 2006 | 1589 | 41.6 (12.8, 59.9) | 51.3 (47.5, 55.1) | 53.1 (48.8, 57.4) | 6.9 (4.5, 9.3) | 37.7 (33.7, 41.7) | |
| Mexico, 2012 | 2178 | 39.2 (12, 59.9) | 49.3 (46.6, 52.1) | 66.3 (64.1, 68.5) | 11.4 (9.4, 13.3) | — | |
| Nicaragua, 2005 | 1419 | 33.4 (6.1, 59.9) | 49.6 (46.3, 52.9) | 56.4 (44.1, 68.7) | — | 37.2 (30.0, 44.3) | |
| USA, 2006 | 1242 | 37.0 (12, 59) | 52.1 (49.4, 54.8) | — | 20.6 (16.4, 24.8) | 93.5 (91.7, 95.3) | |
| Europe/Eastern Mediterranean | Afghanistan, 2013 | 585 | 29.2 (6, 58) | 56.5 (51.0, 61.9) | — | 69.2 (61.1, 77.4) | — |
| Azerbaijan, 2013 | 1015 | 35.8 (6, 59) | 54.8 (50.5, 59.1) | 45.2 (38.0, 52.4) | 24.1 (19.4, 28.8) | — | |
| Georgia, 2009 | 2081 | 36.5 (12.0, 59.9) | 53.1 (50.4, 55.8) | 47.0 (40.2, 53.8) | — | — | |
| Pakistan, 2011 | 7166 | 27.5 (6, 59) | 51.9 (50.4, 53.3) | 30.0 (27.0, 32.9) | 16.7 (14.9, 18.4) | 19.3 (17.7, 21.0) |
1
Values are percentages (95% CIs) unless otherwise indicated; estimates account for survey design. Mongolia did not use a complex sampling design, so the 95% CI was generated using a binomial distribution. —, variable (or category) was unavailable in that survey. PNG, Papua New Guinea; SES, socioeconomic status.
2
Mean (range).
3
Low education defined as no education or primary education of the child's caregiver. Education level of the head of household was used in place of caregiver education in surveys in which caregiver education was not measured (Colombia, Mexico 2006, and the USA).