Table 3.

Differences in hormone levels and birth outcomes by histopathology group. For biomarker data, both raw and estimated marginal means for average GA at collection are presented. GA at collection was used as a covariate in all biomarker analyses, and placental CRH was log transformed to reduce skew prior to analysis.

Variable	Inflammatory (N = 36)	MVU (N = 38)	No Pathology (N = 38)	Result
Placental CRH (pg/mL) Raw M ± SE GA Adj. M ± SE Log GA Adj. M ± SE	177.0 ± 27.6 232.2 ± 73.3 2.14 ± 0.07b	578.1 ± 119.3 545.4 ± 70.7 2.37 ± 0.07a	274.4 ± 50.4 254.8 ± 70.5 2.16 ± 0.07b	F(2, 108) = 3.52, p = 0.03*
Plasma Cort (pg/mL) Raw M ± SE GA Adj. M ± SE	128.7 ± 16.0 130.7 ± 13.3	99.3 ± 7.2 98.1 ± 12.9	129.3 ± 14.2 128.5 ± 12.8	F(2, 108) = 1.97, p = 0.15
Salivary Cort (nmol/L) Raw M ± SE GA Adj. M ± SE	16.9 ± 2.2 17.5 ± 3.5	13.5 ± 1.5 13.2 ± 3.3	21.6 ± 5.1 21.4 ± 3.3	F(2, 107) = 1.54, p = 0.22
GAB (weeks) M ± SE	32.6 ± 0.90b	35.1 ± 0.69a	35.05 ± 0.66a	F(2, 109) = 3.53, p = 0.03*
Preterm Birth % <37 weeks GA	69.4%	44.7%	60.5%	χ2(2, N = 112) = 4.78, p = 0.09†
BWP M ± SE	52.4 ± 3.7a	32.8 ± 3.7b	39.5 ± 3.7b	F(2, 104) = 7.07, p = 0.001**
SGA % <10th percentile	5.6%	13.2%	15.8%	χ2(2, N = 112) = 2.02 p = 0.36

BWP = Birthweight Percentile; SGA = Small for Gestational Age.

^**p ≤ 0.01

^*p ≤ 0.05

^†p ≤ 0.10

Multiple Comparisons (Bonferroni): Groups with the same superscript letter did not differ on post-hoc tests (p > 0.10).

Bold font indicates p < 0.05, italicized font indicates p < 0.10.