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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2020 Jun 14;255:120207. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120207

Table 2.

Common pathways involved in angiocrine signaling

Pathway Ligands Receptors Roles References
VEGF VEGFA - VEGFD, PIGF VEGFR1 - VEGFR3 Regulates endothelial proliferation, migration, survival, permeability; endothelial - mural crosstalk; liver regeneration; osteoblast differentiation; macrophage recruitment [34, 44, 45, 49, 50]
Notch DLL1, DLL3, DLL4, Jag1, Jag2 NOTCH1 - NOTCH4 Regulates angiogenic sprouting and vascular sprouting; endothelial adhesion and permeability; lung fibrosis; stem cell maintenance; cancer cell intravasation [53–55, 57–62]
Ang/Tie ANG1, ANG2, ANG4 TIE1 and TIE2 Regulates angiogenic sprouting; endothelial survival, adhesion, migration, permeability; vascular stability; cancer cell intravasation [65–71,74,75]
CAMs Integrins, immunoglobulin superfamily, cadherins, selectins Regulates endothelial adhesion, proliferation, migration, survival, permeability; vascular stability; hematopoietic stem cell proliferation; chemoresistance [79,81,84–86,150]
CXC CXCL1 - CXCL12, CXCL4L1, CXCL14 CXCR1 - CXCR4, CXCR7 Regulates endothelial proliferation, migration, survival; cancer stem cell growth, proliferation, migration; chemotaxis towards vasculature; hematopoeitic stem cell maintenance; lung and liver regeneration and fibrosis [59,88–94]
Wnt WNT1 - WNT11, WNT16 Frizzled1 - Frizzled10 Liver regeneration; regulates Notch signaling [49,59]
Nitric oxide Nitric oxide Guanylate cyclase Glioblastoma stem cell maintenance; endothelial tube formation [156,177]
Other common ligands PEDF, HGF, bFGF, IGFBP2 [49,94,149,154]

CAM: cell adhesion molecule