Figure 7.

Gut Microbiota-on-a-Chip devices. A) Scheme of the HMI module for long-term studies of the host-microbiota interaction in the GIT. Reproduced from Marzorati et al. [130], under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. B) Conceptual diagram of the HuMiX model for the representative co-culture of human epithelial cells with gastrointestinal microbiota. Reproduced from Shah et al. [131] with permission form Nature. C) Microfluidic model for co-culture of epithelial cells and bacteria. Reproduced from Kim et al. [132] with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry. D) Schematic of the gut-on-a-chip device showing the flexible porous ECM-coated membrane lined by gut epithelial cells cross horizontally through the middle of the central microchannel, and full height vacuum chambers on both sides (left); and Spontaneous formation of intestinal villi by Caco-2 cells cultured in the gut-on-a-chip (right). Reproduced from Kim et al. [134] with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry.