Table 2. Examples of precision medicine relating to adverse effects.
| Genetic factor | Adverse effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| CYP2C9 | Risk of developing concentration-dependent neurotoxicity from PHT | Depondt et al 50 |
| CYP2C19 | Gene-dose effect with N-clobazam | Kosaki et al 51 |
| HLA-B*15:02 | SJS, TEN with CBZ (South Asian and Chinese) | Chung et al 52 |
| HLA-A*31:01 | CBZ-induced hypersensitivity reactions (Japanese and European) |
Ozeki et al
53
McCormack et al 54 |
| POLG mutations | VPA-induced hepatic failure | Stewart et al 55 |
Abbreviations: CBZ, carbamazepine; PHT, phenytoin; SJS, Stevens–Johnson syndrome; TEN, toxic epidermal necrolysis; VPA, valproic acid.