Table 2.

Association between clinical pathologic variables and postoperative bleeding in patients with benign disease.

Variables	Postoperative bleeding		Chi-square test	Multivariate analysis
	Yes	No		p	HR [95% CI]
Age
<50	29 (60.4%)	2,840 (63.5%)
≥50	19 (39.6%)	1633 (36.5%)	0.023	0.111	1.856 [0.925–3.006]
Sex
Female	32 (66.7%)	2,578 (57.6%)
Male	16 (33.3%)	1,895 (42.4%)	0.208
Smoker
Yes	10 (20.8%)	627 (14.0%)
No	38 (79.2%)	3,846 (86.0%)	0.177
Drinker
Yes	8 (16.7%)	369 (8.2%)
No	40 (83.3%)	4,104 (91.8%)	0.058
Hypertension
No	42 (87.5%)	4,300 (96.1%)
Yes	6 (12.5%)	173 (3.9%)	0.011	<0.001	1.556 [1.073–2.667]
Diabetes
No	43 (89.6%)	4,227 (94.5%)
Yes	5 (10.4%)	146 (5.5%)	0.023	<0.001	1.226 [1.118–1.968]
BMI
<24	28 (58.3%)	2,813 (62.9%)
24–28	15 (31.3%)	1,212 (27.1%)		<0.001	1.666 [1.217–2.086]
≥28	5 (10.4%)	348 (7.9%)	<0.001	<0.001	2.119 [1.487–3.748]
Chemotherapy
Yes	5 (10.4%)	357 (8.0%)
No	43 (89.6%)	4,016 (92.0%)	0.591
Radiotherapy
Yes	3 (6.3%)	112 (2.5%)
No	45 (93.7%)	4,261 (97.5%)	0.128
LMWHR*
Yes	5 (10.4%)	474 (10.6%)
No	43 (89.6%)	3,899 (89.4%)	0.925
Operation time
≥1 h	26 (54.2%)	2,541 (5.7%)
<1 h	22 (45.8%)	1,832 (41.0%)	0.582
Pathology
Others	20 (41.7%)	2,360 (52.8%)
Hashimoto thyroiditis	16 (33.3%)	1,073 (24.0%)
Follicular neoplasm	12 (25.0%)	940 (21.0%)	<0.001	<0.001	1.555 [1.064–1.994]

^*LMWHR, low-molecular-weight heparin replacement.