Table 5.
Hazard Ratios and 95 %Confidence intervals for COVID-19 death in cancer patients.
| Variable | Number of deaths (n = 34) | HR* | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male | 22 | 1.00 | Ref |
| Female | 12 | 0.73 | (0.36–1.47) |
| Age | |||
| ≤60 | 9 | 1.00 | Ref |
| >60 | 25 | 1.34 | (0.63–2.87) |
| SES | |||
| Low | 26 | 1.00 | Ref |
| Middle | 0 | N/A | |
| High | 3 | 1.03 | (0.29–3.60) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | 21 | 1.00 | Ref |
| Black | 5 | 0.51 | (0.19–1.35) |
| Asian | 4 | 3.73 | (1.28–10.91) |
| Other | 2 | 1.52 | (0.35–6.49) |
| Number of comorbidities | |||
| 0 | 9 | 1.00 | Ref |
| 1 | 8 | 1.20 | (0.39–3.74) |
| 2 | 8 | 1.92 | (0.58–6.34) |
| 3+ | 9 | 1.14 | (0.34–3.82) |
| P for trend | 0.749 | ||
| Smoking history | |||
| Never | 15 | 1.00 | Ref |
| Ever | 9 | 1.00 | (0.97–1.03) |
| Cancer type** | |||
| Solid | 27 | 1.00 | Ref |
| Hematological | 7 | 0.22 | (0.05–1.05) |
| Treatment paradigm | |||
| No active treatment | 2 | 1.00 | Ref |
| Radical/curative | 6 | 1.35 | (0.21–8.57) |
| Palliative | 19 | 5.74 | (1.15–28.79) |
| Time since cancer diagnosis | |||
| ≤24 months | 15 | 1.00 | Ref |
| >24 months | 17 | 2.14 | (1.04–4.44) |
| Performance status | |||
| 0–2 | 20 | 1.00 | Ref |
| 3+ | 5 | 0.56 | (0.15–2.02) |
| Symptoms | |||
| Cough | 16 | 1.00 | (0.48–2.09) |
| Fever | 21 | 1.63 | (0.72–3.68) |
| Dyspnea | 21 | 4.94 | (1.99–12.25) |
| GI symptoms | 8 | 1.44 | (0.64–3.26) |
| Time between first symptom and diagnosis | |||
| <7 days | 23 | 1.00 | Ref |
| 7–14 days | 6 | 0.86 | (0.35–2.11) |
| >14 days | 2 | 0.54 | (0.13–2.29) |
| CRP (mg/L) | |||
| T1 (3–41) | 4 | 1.00 | Ref |
| T2 (42–117) | 9 | 2.87 | (0.61–13.48) |
| T3 (126–508) | 18 | 10.35 | (1.05–52.21) |
| Lymphocytes (×109) | |||
| ≤0.5 | 11 | 1.00 | Ref |
| 0.6–0.8 | 12 | 0.84 | (0.21–3.38) |
| 0.9–1.2 | 4 | 0.96 | (0.20–4.57) |
| >1.2 | 4 | 0.75 | (0.14–4.12) |
| Albumin (g/L) | |||
| T1 (20–32) | 18 | 1.00 | Ref |
| T2 (33–38) | 8 | 0.50 | (0.17–1.47) |
| T3 (39–57) | 1 | 0.04 | (0.01-0.42) |
*
Adjustment as defined by the DAG (Table A1).
**
Unadjusted due to missingness not allowing to run fully adjusted model as per the DAG.