Table 1.

Characteristics of patients in the training and validation cohorts.

Characteristics	Median (IQR)/Number (%)			P-value
	Entire cohort	Training cohort	Validation cohort
	(N = 162)	(N = 108)	(N = 54)
Age(year)	58 (47–66.8)	59 (47.2–72.5)	58 (47–66)	0.474
Sex
Male	136 (83.9)	91 (84.3)	45 (83.3)	1
Female	26 (16.1)	17 (15.7)	9 (16.7)
Etiology				0.076
HBV	109 (67.3)	78 (72.2)	31 (57.4)
Others	53 (32.7)	30 (27.8)	23 (42.6)
Tumor size (cm)	7.5 (4.4–10.2)	7.5 (4.2–11.1)	7.4 (4.5–10)	0.736
Tumor Number
1	95 (58.7)	58 (53.6)	37 (68.5)	0.259
2	18 (11.1)	14 (13.0)	4 (7.4)
3	13 (8.0)	11 (10.2)	2 (3.7)
>3	36 (22.2)	25 (23.2)	11 (20.4)
BCLC stage				0.775
A	8 (4.9)	5 (4.6)	3 (5.6)
B	154 (95.1)	103 (95.4)	51 (94.4)
ALBI grade				0.894
A	65 (40.1)	42 (38.9)	23 (42.6)
B	93 (57.4)	63 (58.3)	30 (55.6)
C	4 (2.5)	3 (2.8)	1 (1.8)
Child-Pugh class				1
A	140 (86.4)	93 (86.1)	47 (87.0)
B	22 (13.6)	15 (13.9)	7 (13.0)
AFP (ng/ml)				0.127
<400	64 (39.5)	38 (35.2)	26 (48.2)
≥400	98 (60.5)	70 (64.8)	28 (51.8)
AST (U/L)	47.8 (31–70.5)	44.5 (34.1–68.6)	49.5 (30.8–75.2)	0.568
ALT (U/L)	39 (26.2–59)	34.5 (24.2–56.4)	41 (27–59)	0.552
Prothrombin time (s)	12.5 (11.7–13.9)	12.2 (11.8–13.3)	12.6 (11.7–14)	0.337
Albumin (g/L)	39 (35.8–43)	39.1 (35–41.9)	39 (36–43.4)	0.534
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)	19.6 (12.4–22.9)	15.9 (10.3–21.6)	19.9 (13.2–25.2)	0.094

IQR, interquartile range; HBV, hepatitis B virus; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; ABLI, albumin-bilirubin; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase.

Median (IQR) are shown for continuous variables, whereas numbers (%) are shown for categorical variables.

P-values were calculated by the Mann-Whitney U-test for the continuous variables and the Fisher exact test for the categorical variables.