SCHEME 1.

Crucial steps and molecules involved in the development of mesenchymal condensations. Molecular markers were summarized according to Casagrande et al. (2010), Dallas and Bonewald (2010), Everts et al. (2002), Ferguson and Atit (2019), Franz-Odendaal (2011), Giffin et al. (2019), Hall and Miyake (2000), Ledesma-Martínez et al. (2016), Lin et al., 2011, 2013; Nanci et al. (2008), Zhou et al. (2019), and Zvackova et al. (2017). Ectoderm (orange), NCCs (white), somite (light green), osteoblasts (light blue), lining cells – osteogenic cells (yellow), osteocytes (purple), osteoclasts (green), dental follicle (gray), dental papilla (dark blue), odontoblasts (dark blue-columnar).