Table 2.

Perinatal risk factors that predict higher risk for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) (4, 21–23).

Risk factors for PPHN
•Perinatal exposures ◦ Maternal SSRIs intake ◦ Maternal NSAIDs intake ◦ Mode of delivery: highest in cesarean section ◦ Maternal diabetes and overweight ◦ Maternal smoking ◦ Maternal asthma (inconsistent evidence)
•Intrinsic characteristics of the newborn ◦ Maternal ethnicity: highest in black race, lowest in Hispanic ethnicity ◦ Gestational age: highest in late preterm (and early term) newborns ◦ Birth weight: highest in small and large for gestational age ◦ Gender: highest in male sex

SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.