TABLE 1.
Descriptive statistics for the PPMI subjects enrolled in this study
| Measure | Control | De Novo PD | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants (NTotal) | 174 | 365 | – |
| Female, n (%) | 57 (33) | 114 (32) | – |
| T1‐weighted and FLAIR scans, NBaseline, n (%) | 79 (45) | 167 (46) | – |
| T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted scans, NBaseline, n (%) | 95 (55) | 198 (54) | – |
| Age at baseline, y, mean ± SD | 60.07 ± 11.34 | 60.51 ± 9.86 | 0.414 |
| Education, y | 16.23 ± 2.81 | 15.66 ± 3.08 | 0.039 |
| MoCA at baseline, mean ± SD | 28.25 ± 1.12 | 27.24 ± 2.22 | <0.0001 |
| SCOPATotal at baseline, mean ± SD | 5.81 ± 3.77 | 9.29 ± 6.03 | <0.0001 |
| SCOPAOrofacial at baseline, mean ± SD | 0.31 ± 0.61 | 1.01 ± 1.27 | <0.0001 |
| SCOPAGastrointenstinal at baseline, mean ± SD | 0.34 ± 0.67 | 1.05 ± 1.28 | <0.0001 |
| SCOPAUrinary at baseline, mean ± SD | 3.07 ± 2.20 | 4.18 ± 2.99 | <0.0001 |
| SCOPACardiovascular at baseline, mean ± SD | 0.60 ± 0.95 | 0.87 ± 1.21 | 0.012 |
| SCOPAThermoregulatory at baseline, mean ± SD | 0.49 ± 0.74 | 0.73 ± 0.91 | 0.004 |
| SCOPAPupillomotor at baseline, mean ± SD | 0.29 ± 0.54 | 0.42 ± 0.65 | 0.039 |
| SCOPASexual dysfunction at baseline, mean ± SD | 0.71 ± 1.30 | 1.02 ± 1.54 | 0.026 |
| UPDRS III at baseline, mean ± SD | 1.17 ± 2.32 | 20.69 ± 8.91 | <0.0001 |
| Depression Scale at baseline, mean ± SD | 5.14 ± 1.43 | 5.21 ± 1.37 | 0.55 |
| State‐Train Anxiety Inventory at baseline, mean ± SD | 94.21 ± 7.17 | 93.55 ± 8.11 | 0.38 |
| WMH load at baseline, cm3, mean ± SD | 7.66 ± 10.38 | 6.93 ± 8.03 | 0.196 |
| Supine systolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean ± SD | 132.01 ± 16.50 | 131.17 ± 15.65 | 0.58 |
| Standing systolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean ± SD | 129.35 ± 17.71 | 126.34 ± 16.7 | 0.07 |
| Supine diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean ± SD | 78.30 ± 9.10 | 77.88 ± 9.60 | 0.65 |
| Standing diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean ± SD | 80.42 ± 10.04 | 78.88 ± 10.57 | 0.13 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 27.37 ± 4.77 | 27.01 ± 4.38 | 0.415 |
| Excessive stroke risk factors, yes/no | 4/109 | 15/299 | 0.760 |
| Hypertension, yes/no | 43/116 | 95/239 | 0.83 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, yes/no | 19/140 | 26/308 | 0.18 |
| Hyperlipidemia, yes/no | 17/142 | 29/305 | 0.58 |
| Diabetes, yes/no | 8/151 | 16/318 | 0.91 |
Significant differences are displayed in bold. Data are number of participants in each category (N), percentage of the total population (%), and mean ± SD of key variables.
PPMI, Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative; PD, Parkinson's disease; FLAIR, fluid attenuated inversion recovery; SD, standard deviation; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; SCOPA‐AUT, Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease–Autonomic; WMH, white matter hyperintensity; UPDRS III, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale–Motor.