Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients
| Derivation cohort | P value | Validation cohort | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAT (n = 320) | VAP (n = 369) | VAT (n = 70) | VAP (n = 136) | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 199 (62%) | 264 (72%) | 51 (73%) | 102 (75%) | ||
| Female | 121 (38%) | 105 (28%) | 0.009 | 19 (27%) | 34 (25%) | 0.74 |
| Age (years) | 61.20 (16.25) | 57.74 (18.46) | 0.009 | 55.26 (16.1) | 54.98 (16.36) | 0.89 |
| SAPS II | 48.85 (18.12) | 49.89 (17.80) | 0.45 | 54.6 (19.46) | 59.97 (16.68) | 0.079 |
| SOFA | 7.64 (3.79) | 8.07 (3.63) | 0.13 | 7.19 (4.34) | 8.9 (4.04) | 0.008 |
| Admission category | ||||||
| Medical | 175 (55%) | 218 (59%) | 57 (81%) | 117 (86%) | ||
| Surgical | 145 (45%) | 151 (41%) | 0.25 | 13 (19%) | 19 (14%) | 0.39 |
| COPD | 64 (20%) | 61 (17%) | 0.24 | 6 (10%) | 21 (15%) | 0.17 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 66 (21%) | 69 (19%) | 0.53 | 14 (20%) | 26 (20%) | 0.88 |
| Immunocompromised patients | 24 (8%) | 31 (8%) | 0.66 | 7 (10%) | 23 (17%) | 0.18 |
| Chronic heart failure | 27 (8%) | 19 (5%) | 0.085 | 16 (23%) | 16 (12%) | 0.037 |
| Chronic respiratory failure | 35 (11%) | 27 (7%) | 0.098 | 3 (4%) | 7 (5%) | 0.78 |
| Cirrhosis | 8 (2%) | 23 (6%) | 0.018 | 3 (4%) | 10 (7%) | 0.38 |
| Previous antibiotic use | 210 (66%) | 232 (63%) | 0.45 | 60 (86%) | 107 (79%) | 0.3 |
| Appropriate initial antimicrobial therapy | 174 (54%) | 257 (70%) | < 0.001 | 40 (57%) | 55 (40%) | 0.023 |
Data are presented as number (%) or mean (SD)
COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SAPS Simplified acute physiology score, SOFA Sequential organ failure assessment, VAP Ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAT Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis
p value < 0.05 is indicated in italic characters