Table 6.
Pyrolysis of Micro algae into bio oil.
| Microalgae | Catalyst | Characteristics of bio oil | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorella protothecoides | – | Bio oil yield = 31.17 wt% at 450 °C. HHV =29 MJ/kg. Free carbon emission fuel production | [108] |
| Dunaliella tertiolecta | – | Bio oil yield = 36.9 wt% at 360 °C. HHV =26.62 MJ/kg. Bio oil had major proportions of ester and was environmental friendly | [109] |
| Cyanobacteria | MgAl-LDO/ZSM-5 | Yield of bio oil = 41.1 wt% at 550 °C. Bio oil showed high HHV, comprised of less nitrogen compounds and low O/C molar ratio. | [110] |
| Chlorella vulgaris | – | Bio oil yield = 47.7 wt% at 550 °C. Bio oil was rich in aromatic compounds, fatty acids and carbohydrates. | [111] |
| Chlamydomanas debaryana | β zeolite | 43.5 % and 43.8 % at 600 °C and 800 °C respectively. Hydrocarbon content in bio oil was very high. | [112] |
| Spirulina plantesis | – | Yield of bio oil = 18.65 wt%. Bio oil has low trace of Sulphur of 0.4 wt%. | [113] |
| Chlorella Vulgaris | Ni/Zeolite (Si/Al = 30) | High quality bio oil with good concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons. Low oxygen content and less acidic compounds were found in bio oil. | [114] |
| Nannochloropsis oculata | Co-Mo/γAl2O3 | HHV of bio oil =18 MJ/Kg. Long chain alkanes, alkenes and polyaromatic compounds are present in bio oil. | [115] |
| Saccharina Japonica | – | Yield of bio oil = 47 wt%. High aromatic presence with HHV of 37.5 MJ/Kg | [116] |
| Tetraselmis sp. | – | Bio oil is 25 wt% and 550 °C. HHV =12.07 MJ/Kg. | [117] |
| Duanliella Salina | – | Yield of bio oil = 55.4 wt% at 500 °C. HHV=21.2 MJ/Kg and bio oil is rich in alkanes, alkynes and esters. | [118] |
| Nannochloropsis sp. | HZSM-5 | Bio oil yield = 19.5 wt%. The low oxygen and high aromatics is present in bio oil. | [119] |
| U. prolifera | HY | Bio oil yield = 41.3 wt%. Long chain nitrogen compounds were found in bio oil | [120] |
| Isochrysis sp. | Li-LSX Zeolite | Bio oil was rich in carbon, hydrogen and had low trace of oxygen | [121] |
| Saccharina japonica | HZSM-5 | Bio oil yield = 39.05 wt%, HHV =27.19 MJ/Kg. Aromatic content was higher than aliphatics in bio oil | [122] |
| Spirulina (Arthrospira) plantensis | Fe/HMSZSM-5 | Yield of bio oil = 37.77 wt%. The liquid product was rich in hydrocarbons. | [123] |
| Cryptococcus curvatus | K2CO3 | Low content of Sulphur and nitrogen was evident in bio oil with 39 MJ/Kg | [124] |