Table 1.
Baseline Patient Characteristics
| Variables | COPD+OSA (n=29) | COPD (n = 36) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 70.4±7.8 | 73.5±9.6 | 0.16 |
| Male/Female | 24/5 | 27/9 | 0.45 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.3±4.7 | 23.1±4.7 | 0.86 |
| Education, years | 8.3±3.7 | 8.0±4.4 | 0.38 |
| Smoking status | 0.67 | ||
| Current Smokers (n, %) | 10 (34%) | 9 (25%) | |
| Former smokers (n, %) | 14 (48%) | 21 (58%) | |
| Never-smokers (n, %) | 5 (17%) | 6 (17%) | |
| Pack-years | 48(32–76) | 50(35–80) | 0.65 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 22(76%) | 16(44%) | 0.01 |
| Diabetes (n, %) | 10(27%) | 8(28%) | 0.98 |
| IHD (n, %) | 11(31%) | 6(21%) | 0.37 |
| Cerebral infarction (n, %) | 7(19%) | 4(14%) | 0.55 |
| GOLD severity, I, II/III, IV | 14/15 | 18/18 | 0.16 |
| FEV1, % predicted | 54.3±18.9 | 51.8±18.9 | 0.24 |
| FVC, % predicted | 79.1±22.9 | 80.6±18.0 | 0.78 |
| FEV1/FVC, ratio | 53.1±10.0 | 49.6±12.7 | 0.26 |
| TLC, % predicted | 84.8±17.9 | 82.7±18.6 | 0.67 |
| RV/TLC, % | 55.0±12.2 | 53.3±10.3 | 0.58 |
| DLCO, % predicted | 63.3±24.7 | 59.7±17.8 | 0.53 |
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 77.7±16.8 | 77.1±20.2 | 0.91 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 43.2±5.1 | 42.6±7.0 | 0.75 |
| Anxiety score | 5(3–8) | 5(2–7) | 0.59 |
| Depression score | 4.5±4.3 | 3.6±4.0 | 0.41 |
| ESS | 5.2±4.0 | 4.4±3.9 | 0.42 |
| CAT | 21.7±4.7 | 18.2±5.5 | <0.01 |
| Beta-2 agonist use, n (%) | 18(62%) | 22(61%) | 0.94 |
| Anticholinergic use, n (%) | 21(72%) | 27(75%) | 0.81 |
| Inhaled corticosteroid use, n (%) | 14(48%) | 19(53%) | 0.72 |
| Mini-Mental State Examination | 23.5±3.2 | 25.5±2.9 | 0.01* |
| Risk for dementia. n (%) | 19(66%) | 11(31%) | <0.01 |
| Mild cognitive dysfunction, n (%) | 7(24%) | 16(44%) | 0.09 |
| No cognitive dysfunction, n (%) | 3(10%) | 9(25%) | 0.13 |
Notes: Data are expressed as mean±standard deviation, median and interquartile range, or count (percentage). *P<0.05 for all levels of cognitive function between the 2 groups according to Chi Squared test.
Abbreviations: OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI, body mass index; IHD, ischemic heart disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; GOLD, Global Initiative for COPD; RV, residual volume; TLC, total lung capacity; DLCO, diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; PaO2, arteria oxygen partial pressure; PaCO2, arteria carbon dioxide partial pressure; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; CAT, COPD assessment test.