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. 2020 Jun 22;295(31):10741–10748. doi: 10.1074/jbc.AC120.013449

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© 2020 Kelly et al.

Published under exclusive license by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Figure 1. — Structural comparison of the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 −1 PRF signals. A, cartoon depicting SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 genome organization including a −1 PRF between ORF1a and ORF1b. B, pairwise analysis of the two −1 PRF signals. The attenuator elements and three-stemmed pseudoknot sequences are boxed as indicated. The U UUA AAC slippery site is underlined. C, structure of the SARS-CoV −1 PRF signal (11) is composed of the 5′ slippery site, a 6-nt spacer, and the three-stemmed pseudoknot stimulatory element. The single-base difference in SARS-CoV-2 (red) maps to the short loop linking stems 2 and 3. D, comparison of the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 −1 PRF attenuator elements. SARS-CoV-2–specific bases are indicated in red. E and F, silent coding mutations designed to disrupt the attenuators, slippery sites, and stems 1, 2, and 3 in the SARS-CoV-2 (E) and SARS-CoV (F) −1 PRF signals. gRNA, genomic RNA.