Table 1.
Hydrogels for the delivery of plant-derived (poly)phenols.
| Compound | System | Disease | Experimental Model | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models | In Vivo Models | ||||
| Skin Wound Healing | |||||
| RU | Carbopol Ultrez® 10 NF HG | Skin wound healing | Skin wounds in Wistar rats | [24] | |
| RU | CS-PEG-TY in presence of HRP and H2O2 | Injectable wound dressing for skin wounds | Biocompatibility on L929 mouse fibroblasts | Skin wounds in Sprague Dawley rats | [25] |
| CGA | Carbopol 940 HG | Skin wound healing | Biocompatibility on L929 mouse fibroblasts | Skin wounds in Swiss mice | [26] |
| Q | Carbopol HG | Skin wound healing | Skin wounds in Sprague Dawley rats | [27] | |
| FA | Carbopol 980 HG | Diabetic wound healing | Skin wounds in streptozotocin-diabetic Wistar rats | [28] | |
| OPC | Light-responsive collagen-based HG | Wound healing | Regenerative capability on HUVECs and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) | Skin wounds in streptozocin-diabetic C57BL/6 mice | [29] |
| Equisetum pyramidales hoots extracts | Carbopol HG | Wound healing | Skin wounds in Wistar rats | [30] | |
| Passiflora edulis Sims leaves extracts | CS-HG | Wound healing | Biocompatibility on L929 mouse fibroblasts | Skin wounds in alloxan- diabetic Wistar rats | [31] |
| Q, GFs and 1-bromoperfluorooctane | Carbopol 981 HG | Diabetic wound healing | Biocompatibility on HaCaT human keratinocytes and CCD-986sk human fibroblasts | Skin wounds in streptozotocin-diabetic C57BL/6 mice | [32] |
| Q and OA | HA-based nano-HG | Diabetic wound healing | Patients with diabetic foot ulcers | [33] | |
| Thymol | BCT-HG | Wound healing | Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae; Biocompatibility on NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts |
Wistar rats bearing third degree burn wounds | [34] |
| Skin Permeation | |||||
| Q and RU | Ceramide liposomes incorporated into cellulose HG using ECH as cross-linking agent | Improvement of drug skin permeation | Skin permeation study on ICR hairy albino mouse skin | [13] | |
| NR | pH-responsive cl-CMC-g-pHEA |
Improvement of drug skin permeation | Biocompatibility on HaCaT cells; Skin permeation study on hairless mouse skin |
[14] | |
| LQG and LQ | Ceramide Liposomes incorporated into cellulose HG | Improvement of drug skin permeation | Skin permeation study on dorsal skin of ICR hairy albino mice | [15] | |
| FA | NP700 HG | Improvement of drug skin permeation | Skin permeation test on hairless mouse skin | [16] | |
| SB and pomegranate oil | Pemulen® TR2 HG system containing pomegranate oil-based nanocapsules | Improvement of drug skin permeation | Skin permeation study on human skin | [35] | |
| SB | Carbopol 940 HG | Improvement of drug skin permeation | Skin diffusion study on human cadaver skin | [36] | |
| LT | pH and temperature sensitive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)/HA-based HG | Improvement of drug skin permeation | Skin permeation study on micropig dorsal skin | [37] | |
| SB | Thermo-responsive hydrogels based on triblock co-polymers (PolyGelTM) | Improvement of drug skin permeation | Skin permeation study on mouse skin | [38] | |
| Epithelial Pathologies | |||||
| SB and pomegranate oil | Pemulen® TR2 HG system containing pomegranate oil-based nanocapsules | Irritant contact dermatitis | Croton oil-induced ear edema in Swiss mice; Cutaneous safety in humans |
[35] | |
| SB | Carbopol 940 HG | Irritant contact dermatitis | Skin irritancy in White New Zealand rabbits; Dinitrochlorobenzene - induced ICD in BALB/c mice |
[36] | |
| Achyrocline satureioides inflorescences extracts | Carbopol® Ultrez 20 HG | UVA/UVB radiation-induced skin damage | UVA/UVB light-induced oxidative stress on porcine ears skin | [39] | |
| FA | Thermosensitive CS/G/GP-HG | Corneal wound healing | H2O2-induced oxidative stress in rabbit corneal epithelial CCL-60 cells | Corneal alkali burn in New Zealand albino rabbits | [40] |
| LT | pH and temperature sensitive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)/HA-based HG | Psoriasis | Cytotoxicity assays on HaCaT human keratinocytes | [37] | |
| CA | Cyclodextrin-based HG | Epithelial infections | Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia; Proliferation study on NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts |
[41] | |
| Q | CHGZ-HGs | Skin and epithelial infections | Activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton rubrum; Biocompatibility on L929 murine fibroblasts |
[42] | |
| Thymol | CS-HG | Periodontal diseases | Biocompatibility on NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus |
[43] | |
| Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) extracts | Tragacanth gum based HG | Recurrent aphthous stomatitis | Patients with aphthous ulcers | [44] | |
| Epithelial Cancer | |||||
| OPC | Light-responsive collagen-based HG | Melanoma | B16F10 murine melanoma cells | Photothermal therapy in Balb/c mice bearing B16F10 cell tumor | [29] |
| Q | CHGZ-HGs | Skin cancer | Human skin carcinoma A431 cells | [42] | |
| SB (also in combination with doxorubicin) | Thermo-responsive HG based on triblock co-polymers (PolyGelTM) | Melanoma | B16-F10 murine melanoma cells | [38] | |
| EA, EGCG, TA, NDGA, RT, RA, and CMA | PEG-HG | Oral cancer | Human oral cancer CAL-27 cells | [45] | |
| Injectable and Targeted Hydrogels | |||||
| FA | Thermosensitive CS/G/GP-HG | Secondary brain injury | H2O2-induced oxidative stress in Neuro-2a cells | [46] | |
| FA | Thermosensitive CS/G/GP-HG | Intervertebral disc degeneration | H2O2-induced oxidative stress in nucleus pulposus cells from New Zealand rabbits | [47] | |
| Q | Thermosensitive hydrogel based on mPEG-PA-HG | Osteoarthritis | Human chondrocytes from patients undergone knee arthroplasty | Rats undergone anterior cruciate ligament transection | [48] |
| FA | Thermosensitive CS/G/HG | Cardiovascular diseases | Cisd2-deficient (Cisd2−/−) cardiomyocytes and cardiac tissue of Cisd2 knockout mice | Biocompatibility in subcutaneously injected New Zealand albino rabbits and intramyocardially injected Cisd2 deficient (Cisd2−/−) and wild-type (Cisd2+/+)] rats | [49] |
| Q (also in combination with temozolide) | HA-HG | Glioblastoma multiforme | Human glioblastoma A172 and T98MG cells | [50] | |
| Q (also in combination with everolimus) | HA-HG | Hormone-responsive human breast cancer | Human breast cancer MCF7 cells | [51] | |
| Q (also in combination with SNS-314) | HA-HG | Medullary and papillary human thyroid cancer | Human medullary and papillary cancer thyroid B-CPAP and TT cells; Biocompatibility on NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts |
[52] | |
| Hydrogels for Oral and Systemic Administration | |||||
| APG | pH-sensitive gellan gum HGs | Oral delivery system for the controlled release of hydrophobic molecules | Drug release in different pH environments | [53] | |
| GTP | Poly electrolyte complex HG | Oral delivery | Media simulating the gastric and the intestinal tracts | [54] | |
| RU | pH-sensitive poly(starch/acrylic acid) HG | Ulcerative colitis | Dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in Wistar rats | [55] | |
| EGCG | Polyphenol-binding amyloid fibrils self-assemble into reversible HGs | Infection of small intestine | Antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus oralis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Biocompatibility on human colonic epithelial cells |
[56] | |
| RU and 5-FU | pH-responsive Zein-co-acrylic acid HGs | Anticancer activity | Breast cancer MDA-MB-231and MCF-7 cells | [57] | |
| EGCG and CU | HA-HG | Alzheimer’s disease | Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells | [58] | |