Table 2.
Multivariable logistic regression model for associations of RR among TB/HIV-coinfected patients.
| Characteristic | Crude odds ratio 95% confidence interval | p value | Adjusted odds ratio 95% confidence interval | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex† | ||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | ||
| Female | 1.43 (0.64-3.18) | 0.381 | 1.53 (0.45–5.26) | 0.498 |
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 1 | 1 | ||
| Rural | 3.54 (1.52–8.21) | 0.003 | 5.24 (1.51–18.21) | 0.009 |
| CTX and ART use | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 2.38 (1.05-5.36) | 0.037 | 2.57 (0.78–8.47) | 0.120 |
| Night sweats | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 0.57 (0.25-1.33) | 0.193 | 1.08 (0.24–4.92) | 0.921 |
| Weight loss | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 0.31 (0.13-0.74) | 0.009 | 0.26 (0.07-1.01) | 0.052 |
| TB symptom burden | ||||
| <4 | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≥4 | 0.53 (0.24-1.19) | 0.124 | 1.20 (0.30-4.76) | 0.797 |
| Bacillary load | ||||
| Low/medium/high | 1 | 1 | ||
| Very low | 7.65 (2.81–20.84) | <0.001 | 13.52 (3.15–58.08) | <0.001 |
| Temperature | ||||
| Hypothermia | 1 | 1 | ||
| Normal | 0.83 (0.35-1.96) | 0.669 | 0.29 (0.07-1.17) | 0.082 |
| Hyperthermic | 0.10 (0.01-0.85) | 0.034 | 0.14 (0.01-2.19) | 0.160 |
| CD4/CD8 ratio | ||||
| <0.52 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 0.52-4.1 | 2.17 (0.92-5.14) | 0.078 | 1.27 (0.33–4.93) | 0.732 |
| White blood cell count | 0.91 (0.80-1.04) | 0.186 | 1.05 (0.86-1.29) | 0.611 |
| Mean corpuscular volume | 1.05 (1.01-1.09) | 0.011 | 1.06 (0.99-1.13) | 0.085 |
TB: tuberculosis; CD: cluster of differentiation; CTX: cotrimoxazole; ART: antiretroviral therapy. †Included in the model due to effect on other risk factors for rifampicin-resistant TB [4, 22]. Note: Nagelkerke R2 = 0.527, that is, the covariates in the model explain 53% variation in RR among HIV/TB-coinfected patients. Cox Snell R2 = 0.374, that is, the covariates explain 37% of variation when using this criteria.