Table 3.
The effect of community asset participation on transformed WHOQOL-BREF domain scores and each item at baseline.
| Panel and variable | Coefficient (β) | 95% CI | p | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel (a): Standardised domain scores | ||||
| Physical domain | 0.185*** | [0.134,0.236] | p < 0.001 | 0.45 |
| Psychological domain | 0.225*** | [0.166,0.285] | p < 0.001 | 0.24 |
| Social relations domain | 0.167*** | [0.103,0.231] | p < 0.001 | 0.21 |
| Environmental domain | 0.318*** | [0.259,0.377] | p < 0.001 | 0.24 |
| Panel (b): Standardised WHOQOL-BREF items | ||||
| General Quality of Life^ | 0.282*** | [0.224,0.340] | p < 0.001 | 0.26 |
| Overall Health^ | 0.164*** | [0.106,0.223] | p < 0.001 | 0.25 |
| Pain and discomfort#^ | 0.060* | [0.006,0.113] | p = 0.028 | 0.38 |
| Dependence on treatment# | 0.050 | [-0.010,0.111,] | p = 0.103 | 0.21 |
| Positive feelings^ | 0.303*** | [0.241,0.364] | p < 0.001 | 0.16 |
| Spiritual Quality of Life | 0.224*** | [0.160,0.288] | p < 0.001 | 0.12 |
| Cognitions (e.g. concentration) | 0.051 | [-0.013,0.114] | p = 0.119 | 0.11 |
| Physical safety and security^ | 0.140*** | [0.078,0.203] | p < 0.001 | 0.15 |
| Physical environment^ | 0.223*** | [0.160,0.287] | p < 0.001 | 0.17 |
| Energy and fatigue^ | 0.174*** | [0.118,0.231] | p < 0.001 | 0.29 |
| Body Image and appearance^ | 0.147*** | [0.085,0.208] | p < 0.001 | 0.16 |
| Financial resources | 0.184*** | [0.122,0.247] | p < 0.001 | 0.14 |
| Access to Information and skills | 0.168*** | [0.105,0.232] | p < 0.001 | 0.12 |
| Access to Leisure and recreation^ | 0.489*** | [0.432,0.546] | p < 0.001 | 0.28 |
| Mobility^ | 0.206 *** | [0.155,0.258] | p < 0.001 | 0.41 |
| Sleep and rest^ | 0.118*** | [0.055,0.182] | p < 0.001 | 0.11 |
| Activities of daily living | 0.196*** | [0.141,0.251] | p < 0.001 | 0.33 |
| Working capacity | 0.203*** | [0.146,0.260] | p < 0.001 | 0.34 |
| Self-esteem^ | 0.194*** | [0.134,0.254] | p < 0.001 | 0.22 |
| Personal relations^ | 0.094** | [0.031,0.158] | p = 0.004 | 0.13 |
| Sex-life | 0.098** | [0.028,0.168] | p = 0.006 | 0.13 |
| Social support^ | 0.193*** | [0.127,0.258] | p < 0.001 | 0.15 |
| Home environment | 0.139*** | [0.075,0.204] | p < 0.001 | 0.16 |
| Access to Health and social care^ | 0.102** | [0.037,0.167] | p = 0.002 | 0.16 |
| Transport | 0.161*** | [0.099,0.224] | p < 0.001 | 0.13 |
| Negative feelings#^ | 0.117*** | [-0.056,0.179] | p < 0.001 | 0.14 |
Note. All models are estimated separately and the coefficient on community asset participation is shown (β). The outcomes have been standardised by transforming into z-scores. All models additionally control for gender, age (in five-year age bands), educational qualifications, living arrangements, if an individual reports having any one of 23 limiting health conditions (4 or 5 on the Bayliss scale), and the numbers of visits in the 6 months prior to interview for: elective hospital admissions, emergency long stay and short stay hospital visits, day-case hospital visits, outpatient appointments, and visits to accident and emergency (A&E).
Items in italics indicate where predicted significance between participants and non-participants was confirmed.
# These items are reversed coded, so that positive values indicate higher levels of QoL. For example, a positive value on ‘pain’ indicates that QoL is better for those reporting lower pain. In each facet, high scores mean good QoL.
^ Better QoL predicted for participants and confirmed.
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. N = 3686 adults aged over 65 years of age.