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. 2020 Aug;98(2):323–342. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.01.039

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© 2020 International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

The eye as a window to the kidney. The microcirculation of the eye and kidney are characterized by multiple capillary networks, which, although arranged in close proximity, have striking structural and functional differences. (a) Upper panel: cross-sectional diagram of the glomerular capillary. Lower panel: corticomedullary microcirculation organization, oxygen gradients, and actions of renal-angiotensin-aldosterone and endothelin systems. (b) Upper panel: cross-sectional diagram of the choroidal capillary. Lower panel: chorioretinal microcirculation organization, oxygen gradients, and actions of renal-angiotensin-aldosterone and endothelin systems. ?Glial-pericyte signaling, glial-pericyte signaling not proven; AT₁R, angiotensin II type 1 receptor; CRA, central retinal artery; CRV, central retinal vein; ET, endothelin; ET_AR, endothelin type A receptor; ET_BR, endothelin type B receptor; pO₂, partial pressure of oxygen; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; RNFL, retinal nerve fiber layer.