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. 2020 Aug;98(2):323–342. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.01.039

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Deep imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT).En face confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (CLSO; left panels) and OCT (right panels) images of the right eye taken using the SPECTRALIS spectral domain OCT machine (SD-OCT; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) in (a–c) a healthy volunteer and (d) a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with enhanced depth imaging (c,d). Bars = 200 μm. (a) SD-OCT enables the identification of specific cell layers within the retina in high resolution. Left panel: an en face CLSO image centered over the macula. The green line represents the level and direction of the cross section of the corresponding OCT image running from left to right. Right panel: an OCT image demonstrating individual layers within the retina. Retinal thickness is defined as the area bounded by the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and Bruch’s membrane (BM). (b) Left panel: a CLSO image centered over the optic nerve head, with the line of the cross section (green) circled around the peripapillary region. The dark blue line defines the distance from the optic disc to the fovea. Right panel: an OCT image demonstrating retinal thickness from the circular cross section around the optic nerve head in the left image. The green line running from left to right corresponds to the direction of the cross section of the green circle in the left panel. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness is defined as the area bordered by red and cyan lines. (c) CSLO (left panel) and OCT with enhanced depth imaging (EDI) (right panel) in a healthy subject. EDI enables the identification of deeper structures, including the highly vascularized choroid. We measured choroidal thickness at 3 locations: I = 2 mm nasal to the fovea, II = subfoveal, and III = 2 mm temporal to the fovea. The corresponding locations on the macula are indicated by yellow arrows. (d) CLSO (left panel) and OCT with EDI (right panel) in an age- and sex-matched subject with CKD demonstrating comparative thinning of the choroid at all 3 locations. The corresponding locations on the macula are indicated by yellow arrows. To optimize viewing of this image, please see the online version of this article at www.kidney-international.org.