Table 3:

List of miRNAs that play a role in oligodendrocyte development and a brief summary of their targets, and their roles in oligodendrocyte lineage cells, myelination, and remyelination.

Name	Role in OL lineage cells	Effect of its ablation	Targets/mechanism of action	Role in remyelination
miR-219	Important for OPC differentiation [47–50]	OL specific ablation results in hypomyelination [50]	Inhibits the expression of inhibitors of OPC differentiation, such as Etv5, Lingo-1, NFIA and PDGFRα [50]	Promotes remyelination [50,55,56]
miR-338	Important for OPC differentiation [47–49]	OL specific ablation did not result in overt phenotype [50]	ND	ND
miR-138	Important for OPC differentiation [47–49]	ND	ND	ND
miR-23a	Important for OPC differentiation [153,154]	Hypermyelination in miR-23a overexpressing mice [154]	By controlling the expression of its targets lamin B1, phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and the lncRNA 2700046G09Rik miR-23a controls OPC differentiation. [154]	ND
miR-17–92 cluster; miR-17, miR18a, miR-19a, miR-19b-1, miR-20a, and miR-92–1	Regulates OPC proliferation [155]	Hypomyelination [155]	Controls OPC proliferation by regulating Akt signaling, mediated by the predicted target PTEN [155]	ND
miR-297c-5p	Important for OPC differentiation [156]	ND	By targeting cyclin T2 (CCNT2) induces OPC differentiation [156]	Promote remyelination [156]
miR-146	Important for OPC differentiation [52,54]	ND	By repressing its target IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) promotes OPCs differentiation. [52,54]	Promotes remyelination [52,53]
miR-9	Important for OPC differentiation [157]	ND	Prevents expression of PMP22 protein in OPCs [157].	ND
miR-125	Maintains cells as OPCs [51]	ND	The predicted targets Smad4, FYN, RHOA, P38 and NRG1 suggest that mir-125 may indirectly affect MBP expression [51]	ND

Legend: OL, oligodendrocyte; ND, not determined