Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristics | NAFLD cirrhosis (n = 15) | Non-cirrhotic NAFLD (n = 14) | Healthy controls (n = 14) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women (%) | 4 (27) | 5 (36) | 9 (64) | 0.70 |
| Age (years) | 69 (44–76) | 60 (29–75) | 39 (20–59) | <0.001 |
| Height (m) | 1.73 (1.56–1.81) | 1.72 (1.50–1.87) | 1.72 (1.54–1.84) | 0.93 |
| Weight (kg) | 96.4 (76–118) | 103.8 (73.4–126.8) | 61.45 (48.7–74.7) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.2 (25.4–37.8) | 35 (30.9–39.8) | 21.6 (18.6–24.7) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | <0.001 | |||
| Women | 110 (100–119) | 106 (95–126) | 74 (64.5–80) | |
| Men | 110 (96–130) | 110 (106–136) | 80 (73–85) | |
| Smoking status (%) | 0.16 | |||
| Current smoker | 1 (7) | 2 (14) | 1 (7) | |
| Ex-smoker | 5 (33) | 2 (14) | 0 (0) | |
| Non-smoker | 9 (60) | 10 (72) | 13 (93) | |
| Alcohol (units/week) | 0 (0–10) | 1 (0–7) | 2.5 (0–10) | 0.20 |
| Coffee consumption(cups/day) | 3 (0–7) | 2 (0–7) | 2 (0–4) | 0.15 |
| Modality of diagnosis | 0.16 | |||
| Histology | 2 (13) | 5 (35) | ||
| Non-invasive | 13 (87) | 9 (65) | ||
| Elastography | ||||
| TE | 17 (8.6)† | 8.9 (5.1) | – | <0.001 |
| ARFI | 3.2 (1.3)‡ | – | – | |
| Hyaluronic acid (μg/L) | 200 (241)± | 40 (30) | – | <0.001 |
| Fibrosis score | ||||
| APRI score | 0.42 (0.33) | 0.24 (0.15) | 0.007 | |
| NAFLD fibrosis score | 1.54 (1.17) | –0.38 (1.66) | 0.017 | |
| Fib-4 score | 2.31 (1.15) | 1.39 (0.77) | 0.004 | |
| BARD Score | 4 (1) | 3 (3) | 0.082 | |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| HbA1c (IFCC) | 54 (36–103) | 49 (32–94) | – | 1.00 |
| HOMA | 4.45 (2.7–6.2)ˆ | 5.35 (1.7–6.9)ˆˆ | – | 0.91 |
| GGT (U/L) | 147 (44–843) | 61 (22–387) | – | 0.07 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 36 (31–40) | 39 (35–44) | – | 0.02 |
| AST (U/L) | 32 (25–71) | 27 (21–78) | – | 0.27 |
| ALT (U/L) | 55 (14–69) | 44 (16–115) | – | 0.14 |
| Platelets (109/L) | 210 (61–271) | 229 (108–289) | – | 0.14 |
Data presented as median and IQR or frequency (n) and percentage where appropriate. Student’s t test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare normally distributed continuous variables and non-parametrically distributed data, respectively.
ALT, alanine aminotransaminase; ARFI, acoustic radiation force impulse; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; HOMA, homeostatic model assessment; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; TE, transient elastography.
†
n = 10.
‡
n = 3.
±
n = 13.
ˆ
n = 2.
ˆˆ
n = 6.