TABLE 3.

Adjusted Associations Between Patient Variables and Opioid or Corticosteroid Prescription, 2016 Visits With a Primary Diagnosis of Pneumonia or Sinusitis

Variable	Pneumonia, aOR (95% CI), P		Sinusitis, aOR (95% CI), P
	Opioid Prescription	Steroid Prescriptiona	Opioid Prescription	Steroid Prescriptiona
Age	1.26 (1.18–1.34), <0.0001	1.01 (0.98–1.04), 0.7	1.17 (1.15–1.20), <0.0001	1.02 (1.01–1.03), <0.0001
Race and/or ethnicity
White	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
African American	0.4 (0.2–0.8), 0.01	1.19 (0.90–1.57), 0.2	0.61 (0.52–0.72), <0.0001	0.89 (0.81–0.98), 0.02
Hispanicb	1.0 (0.41–2.59), 0.9	1.24 (0.81–1.89), 0.3	0.74 (0.53–1.02), 0.07	0.63 (0.52–0.77), <0.0001
Otherc	0.75 (0.21–0.26), 0.6	1.01 (0.59–1.75), 0.9	0.71 (0.48–1.05), 0.08	0.90 (0.73–1.10), 0.3
Sex
Boys	0.93 (0.54–1.62), 0.8	1.07 (0.84–1.37), 0.6	1.07 (0.93–1.23), 0.35	1.15 (1.06–1.25), 0.001
Girls	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Clinical location
ED	4.69 (2.68–8.21), <0.0001	1.67 (1.28–2.18), 0.0002	4.02 (3.38–4.78), <0.0001	3.05 (2.74–3.41), <0.0001
Ambulatory setting	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference

Multivariate logistic regression.

^aOnly systemic corticosteroids were evaluated.

^bHispanic is used as a racial category because in the South Carolina Medicaid database, ethnicity is not entered separately.

^cOther race is defined as any race other than white, African American, and Hispanic.