Table 2.
Articles included in the literature review on Pediatric myeloid sarcoma (MS) with orbital involvement until 2019.
| Author(s) | Year of Publication | Type of Study | N | Location | Key Findings | Unilateral/Bilateral | Risk Factor | AML/Other MDs | Type of Treatment | Prognosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lim et al. | 2018 (Turkey) | Case report | 1 | Extra-conal | Multifocal involvement | Unilateral | NTR | AML | CT | Median remission 30 m |
| Cheng et al. | 2018 (China) | Case report | 1 | Intra-conal | NTR | Unilateral | Trauma | Absent | CT + RT | Disease-free at 24 m follow up |
| Wang et al. | 2018 (USA) | Case report | 1 | Sphenoid wing | Multifocal skeletal involvement | Unilateral | NTR | Absent | CT | NA |
| Gupta et al. | 2017 (India) | Case report | 1 | Retro-conal | NTR | Unilateral | NTR | AML | CT | Relapse at 12 m follow up |
| Siraj et al. | 2017 (India) | Case series | 1 | Extra-conal | NTR | Unilateral | NTR | AML | CT + RT | Disease-free at 18 m follow up |
| Qian et al. | 2016 (USA) | Case report | 1 | Extra-conal | NTR | Unilateral | NTR | Absent | CT | NA |
| Mohanlal et al. | 2016 (South Africa) | Case report | 1 | Extra-conal, peri-orbital | Glycophorin A positive | Unilateral | NTR | PEL | CT | NA |
| Huanh et al. | 2015 (Taiwan) | Case report | 1 | Extra-ocular muscles | NTR | Bilateral | NTR | AML | CT | Disease-free at 12 m follow up |
| Karmegaraj et al. | 2014 (India) | Case report | 1 | Peri-orbital | Flu-like onset | Bilateral | NTR | AML | CT | Disease-free at follow up |
| Aggarwal et al. | 2014 (India) | Original article | 23 | Either intra- or extra-conal | NA | Unilateral | NA | 23 AML | CT | Median remission 36 m |
| Thakur et al. | 2013 (India) | Case report | 2 | NA; NA | NTR | Unilateral; Unilateral | NTR | 2 AML | NA; NA | NA; NA |
| Dinand et al. | 2013 (India) | Case report | 1 | Extra-conal, intra-conal | NTR | Unilateral | NTR | Absent | CT | Disease-free at 6 m follow up |
| Chaudhry et al. | 2012 (Saudi Arabia) | Case report | 1 | Extra-conal | NTR | Unilateral | NTR | AML | CT | Disease-free at 10 m follow up |
| Johnston et al. | 2012 (USA) | Original article | 23 | NA | 15/23 CNS involvement | NA | NA | 19 AML; 4 Absent | CT + RT | Remission at 12 m follow up |
| Isik et al. | 2011 (Turkey) | Case report | 2 | Retroconal; Intra-conal, | NTR | Unilateral | NTR | 2 Absent | CT; CT | Both disease-free at follow up |
| Baldwin et al. | 2010 (USA) | Case report | 1 | Extra-conal | NTR | Unilateral | NTR | AML | CT + RT | Disease-free at 20 m follow up |
| Alkatan et al. | 2008 (Saudi Arabia) | Case report | 1 | Extra-conal | NTR | Unilateral | NTR | Absent | NA | NA |
| Hmidi et al. | 2007 (Tunisia) | Case report | 1 | Extra-conal | NTR | Unilateral | NTR | AML | CT | Disease-free at 24 m follow up |
| Janic et al. | 2007 (Serbia) | Case report | 1 | NA | Kidney involvement | Bilateral | NTR | Absent | CT | NA |
| Choo et al. | 2006 (USA) | Case report | 1 | Extra-conal | NTR | Unilateral | NTR | AML | NA | NA |
| Bhat et al. | 2005 (India) | Case report | 1 | Extra-conal | NTR | Unilateral | Trauma | Absent | S + CT + RT | Relapse 3 m after treatment |
| Porto et al. | 2004 (Germany) | Case series | 3 | Extra-conal; Extra- and intra-conal; Extra-conal | Previous neuroblastoma; NTR; NTR | Unilateral; Unilateral; Unilateral | NTR; NTR; NTR | 3 AML | CT; CT; CT | Deceased few months from diagnosis; Remission; NA |
| Söker et al. | 2003 (turkey) | Case report | 1 | Extra-conal | NTR | Bilateral | NTR | AML | NA | NA |
| Shields et al. | 2003 (USA) | Case report | 1 | Extra-conal | NTR | Bilateral | NTR | AML | CT | Disease-free at 3 m follow up |
| Steinwexler et al. | 2002 (USA) | Case report | 1 | Extra-conal | NTR | Unilateral | NTR | AML | CT | Disease-free at 1 m follow up |
| Bönig et al. | 2002 (Germany) | Case report | 1 | Extra- and retro-conal | NTR | Unilateral | NTR | AML | CT + RT | Disease-free at 20 m follow up |
| Fisgin et al. | 2002 (Turkey) | Case report | 1 | Extra- and intra-conal | PVB19 infection | Bilateral | NTR | AML | CT | Remission at follow up |
| Hung et al. | 2002 (Taiwan) | Case report | 1 | Extra- and intra-conal | NTR | Bilateral | NTR | AML | CT | Disease-free at 19 m follow up |
| Bisschop et al. | 2001 (NL) | Original article | 35 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 35 AML | CT | NA |
| Uyesugi et al. | 2000 (USA) | Case report | 1 | Extra- and intra-conal | NTR | Bilateral | NTR | AML | CT + RT | Deceased 1 m from diagnosis |
| Lakhkar et al. | 2000 (India) | Case report | 1 | Extra-conal | NTR | Bilateral | NTR | NA | CT | Remission at follow up |
| Felice et al. | 1999 (Argentina) | Original article | 5 | Either intra- or extra-conal | NA | NA | NA | 5 AML | 1 S + CT; 1 RT + CT; 3 CT |
7 Remission at follow up; 1 Deceased within 1y from diagnosis |
| Puri et al. | 1999 (UK) | Case report | 1 | Extra-ocular muscles | NTR | Unilateral | NTR | AML | CT | NA |
| Schwyzer et al. | 1999 (South Africa) | Original article | 9 | All extra-conal and peri-orbital | NA | Either unilateral or bilateral | NA | 9 AML | CT | 8 Remission at follow up; 1 No Remission |
| Luckit et al. | 1998 (UK) | Case report | 1 | Retro-conal | NTR | Unilateral | NTR | AML | CT | Disease-free at 42 m follow up |
| Tanigawa et al. | 1998 (Japan) | Case report | 1 | Extra-conal | NTR | Unilateral | NTR | AML | CT | Remission at follow up |
| Stockl et al. | 1997 (Canada) | Original article | 7 | NA | NTR | Unilateral | NTR | 7 AML | CT | Remission at follow up |
| Girardot et al. | 1996 (Morocco) | Case report | 1 | Extra-conal | NTR | Unilateral | NTR | AML | CT + RT | Disease-free at 36 m follow up |
| Hiçsönmez et al. | 1996 (Turkey) | Case report | 1 | NA | NTR | Unilateral | NTR | AML | CT | Disease-free at 36 m follow up |
| Bulas et al. | 1995 (USA) | Case report | 1 | Extra-conal | NTR | Bilateral | NTR | AML | CT | No remission al follow up |
| Pui et al. | 1994 (USA) | Original article | 31 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 30 AML; 1 CML |
18 CT; 9 CT + RT; 3 S + CT; 1 S + RT + CT |
16 Deceased 2.5–143.9 m from diagnosis; 15 Disease-free |
| Cavdar et al. | 1993 (Turkey) | Case report | 1 | Intra-conal | NTR | Bilateral | NTR | AML | CT | Deceased 7 m from diagnosis |
| Cavdar et al. | 1993 (Turkey) | Original article | 10 | Either intra- or extra-conal | NA | Either unilateral or bilateral | NA | 10 AML | CT | NA |
| Kalmanti et al. | 1991 (Greece) | Case report | 2 | Retroconal; Extra-conal | NTR | Unilateral; Unilateral | NTR | 2 AML | CT; CT | Disease-free at 8y follow up; Deceased 2y from diagnosis |
| Banna et al. | 1991 (Saudi Arabia) | Case series | 4 | Either intra- or extra-conal | NTR | 2 Unilateral; 2 Bilateral | NTR | 4 AML | CT + RT | NA |
| Cavdar et al. | 1989 (Turkey) | Original article | 33 | Either intra- or extra-conal | NA | 17 Bilateral; 16 Unilateral | NA | 21 AML; 12 Absent | CT | All deceased within 20 m from diagnosis |
| Davis et al. | 1985 (USA) | Case report | 1 | Extra-ocular muscles | CNS involvement | Unilateral | NTR | AML | CT | Remission at follow up |
| Rajantie et al. | 1984 (Finland) | Case report | 1 | Extra-conal | NTR | Unilateral | NTR | AML | S + CT | Deceased 11 m from diagnosis |
| Cavdar et al. | 1978 (Turkey) | Original article | 20 | NA | NA | 11 Unilateral; 9 Bilateral | NA | 20 AML | CT | Median remission 9 m |
Legend: N = Number of patients; AML = Acute Myelocytic Leukemia; MDs = Myelodysplastic Disease; NTR = Nothing To Report; CT = Chemotherapy; RT = Radiotherapy; S = Surgery NA = Not Available; PEL = Pure Erythroid Leukemia; CNS = Central Nervous System.