Table 1.
Clinical Presentation and Clinical Outcomes of ECMO Patient Population (N = 17)
| Characteristics | Patients (N = 17) |
|---|---|
| Age, yr | 56 (30–76) |
| Sex, M | 16 (94.1) |
| Obesity | 10 (58.8) |
| Hypertension | 9 (52.9) |
| Diabetes | 3 (17.6) |
| Antiviral treatment | |
| Lopinavir-ritonavir | 9 (52.9) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 8 (47.1) |
| Corticosteroid | 8 (47.1) |
| Days of ventilation before ECMO implantation | 4 (1–17) |
| SOFA score at implantation | 8 (3–15) |
| Respiratory parameters and adjunctive therapeutics at ECMO implantation | |
| Neuromuscular blockade | 17 (100) |
| Prone positioning session before implantation | 16 (94.1) |
| Inhaled nitric oxide | 5 (29.4) |
| FiO2, % | 100 (50–100) |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio, mm Hg | 71 (52–134) |
| SaO2, % | 90 (79–99) |
| Vt, ml/kg of predicted body weight | 5.9 (3.5–7.1) |
| Respiratory rate, breaths/min | 31 (20–35) |
| PEEP, cm of water | 14 (11–16) |
| Plateau pressure, cm of water | 29 (20–37) |
| Driving pressure, cm of water | 15 (7–23) |
| Compliance, ml/cm of water | 26 (17–55) |
| Oxygenation index, cm of water/mm Hg | 29 (14–39) |
| Respiratory parameters under ECMO | |
| SaO2, % | 97 (92–100) |
| Vt, ml/kg of predicted body weight | 3.9 (1.7–6.1) |
| Respiratory rate, breaths/min | 20 (10–26) |
| PEEP, cm of water | 12 (8–16) |
| Plateau pressure, cm of water | 26 (20–39) |
| Driving pressure, cm of water | 14 (8–23) |
| Prone positioning session during ECMO | 0 |
| Anticoagulation with unfractioned heparin | 17 (100) |
| Respiratory parameters at ECMO weaning | |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio, mm Hg | 177 (53–281) |
| PEEP, cm of water | 10 (5–15) |
| Plateau pressure, cm of water | 26 (12–31) |
| Driving pressure, cm of water | 15.5 (4–24) |
| Compliance, ml/cm of water | 29.5 (11–61) |
| Oxygenation index, cm of water/mm Hg | 10 (5–25) |
| Evolution at follow-up | |
| Mortality at day 60 | 6 (35.3) |
| ICU discharge at day 60 | 10 (58.8) |
| Adverse effect under ECMO | |
| Hemorrhagic shock | 1 (5.9) |
| Bleeding leading to transfusion | 6 (35.3) |
| Transfusion of packed red blood cells, units | 4 (0–26) |
| Thrombopenia leading to transfusion | 1 (5.9) |
| Cardiac tamponade | 1 (5.9) |
| Stroke | 1 (5.9) |
| Thrombophlebitis or pulmonary embolism | 3 (17.6) |
| Oxygenator thrombosis | 2 (11.8) |
| Ventilator-associated pneumonia treated with antibiotics | 10 (58.8) |
| Renal replacement therapy | 12 (70) |
| Gas embolism | 0 |
Definition of abbreviations: ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; PEEP = positive end-expiratory pressure; SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
Data are reported as either median (range) or n (%). Percentages may not total 100 because of rounding. Obesity is defined by a body mass index (weight divided by the square of the height) ≥30 kg/m2. Organ failure was assessed with the SOFA on a scale from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating more severe organ failure. The driving pressure is the difference between plateau pressure and PEEP. The compliance is the Vt divided by the driving pressure. The oxygenation index is mean airway pressure × FiO2 × 100/PaO2. Hemorrhagic shock was defined as hemorrhage leading to more than five units of packed red cells during 1 day and associated with hypotension.