Table 2.
Summary of zoonotic viral diseases of camels reported in Iran; 1890–2018
| B. Viral diseases | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disease | Year | Location | Techniques | No. positive/ No. tested (%) | Ref |
| Rabies | 1996–2006 | Golestan | Histopathological examination, Fluorescent antibody technique | 3 cases | (Bokaei et al., 2009) |
| 2012 | Semnan (Torod region) | Histopathological examination, Fluorescent antibody technique | 8 cases | (Esmaeili et al., 2012) | |
| 2012 | East Azerbaijan (Khoda Afarin) | Histopathological examination, Fluorescent antibody technique | – | (Nadalian, 2012) | |
| Camlepox | 1957 | Sistan and Baluchestan (Bazman) | – | 1 case | (Moghaddas, 2012 2012) |
| 1979 | Sistan and Baluchestan (Bampur and Zabol) | Electron microscopy | – | (Moghaddas, 2012 2012) | |
| 1984 | Isfahan, Kerman, Fars, Khuzestan, Semnan, Zabol, Bampur | Electron microscopy | Outbreak | (Moghaddas, 2012 2012) | |
| 1993 | Kerman (Zarand) | Electron microscopy | 50/80 (62.5%) | (Rashidi, 1993) | |
| 1996 | Sistan and Baluchestan (Iranshahr(Delgan)) | Electron microscopy | 3/50 (6%) | (Moghaddas, 1998) | |
| 2000 | Tehran(Pishva) | Electron microscopy | 2/110 (1.81%) | (Moghaddas, 2012 2012) | |
| 2014 | Qum, South Khorasan, Sistan and Baluchestan (Khash) | PCR (Bioneer Kit) | (100%) No Numeral data | (Mosadeghhesari et al., 2014) | |
| MERS‐CoV | 2014 | Sistan and Baluchestan (Zabol city) | Serology test | 3/18 (16.66%) | (Khalaj, 2014a) |
| 2014 | Sistan and Baluchestan (Zabol and Mirjaveh) | Serology test | 8/186 (4.30%) | (Khalaj, 2014b) | |
| 2014 | Kerman and West Azerbaijan | RT‐PCR | 7/98 (7.14%) | (Khalili Bagaloy et al., 2017) | |
| CHHF | 2014 | North Khorasan, South Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan | ELISA | 9/136 (5.29%) | (Champour et al., 2014) |