Table 1.
Vaccines.
| Vaccine | Manufacturer or source/contact | Description | NHP studies | Human use (INDs, case reports, phase 1 or 2) | Phase 3/RCTs | Regulatory approvals | Notes/special populations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cAd3 | Chimpanzee adenovirus serotype 3 vector, encoding wild type (WT) glycoprotein (GP) from Marburg virus | No data for this construct for Marburg. Protection with other constructs: Ad26 alone (75%) better than Ad35 with Ebola. Ad26 plus Ad35 boost 100%. cAd3 prime followed by MVA boost was protective against Ebola | Phase 1 clinical trial with Marburg construct active, not yet recruiting (NCT03475056) | ||||
| MVA-BN-Filo | Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ (of Johnson and Johnson) | Modified vaccinia Ankara vector, encoding glycoproteins from Ebola, Sudan, and Marburg viruses, and Tai Forest virus nucleoprotein | No data for this construct for Marburg. An Ebola vaccine demonstrated protection out to 10 months in Ebola-infected NHPs using a cAd3 prime followed by MVA boost 8 weeks later | Phase 1 trial for MVA-BN-filo in prime-boost with Ad26.ZEBOV. Better immune response after Ad26.ZEBOV primary. Sustained Ebola GP immunity after either primary followed by alternate boost. Response to Marburg antigens not measured | Phase 2/3 trials planned. Use of construct against Ebola planned in response to DRC Ebola outbreak 2019 |
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| MARV DNA plasmid vaccine | Marburg DNA plasmid expressing GP from Marburg Angola | Study using a DNA prime/boost vaccine demonstrated protection, but all animals developed signs/symptoms | 90% antibody response in Phase 1 trial, 10 people; 1 discontinued for non-life-threatening side effects; 4th dose at 12 wks improved waning antibody titers | ||||
| rVSV-MARV-GP | Recombinant vesiculo stomatitis virus vector for Marburg GP | Several tried with good immune response. Sustained IgG response and protection against clinical illness: protected 20–30 min (5/5), 24 h (4/6) and 48 h (2/6) post-challenge | No human trials, although a similar Ebola vaccine has now been used in three different Ebola virus outbreaks in Africa is now licensed | ||||
| VLP | Virus-like particles with GP | Vaccine against Musoke, Ci67, Ravn with Ab response to all three strains and cross-protection after challenge 4 weeks later |