Table 3.
Effects of general and sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors on depressive and anxiety symptoms
| Depressive symptoms | Anxiety symptoms | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (SE) | β | R2 | ∆F | B (SE) | β | R2 | ∆F | ||
| Block 1: Demographics | 0.06 | 3.73*** | 0.05 | 2.94*** | |||||
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | -0.65 (0.45) | -0.05 | -0.68 (0.42) | -0.06 | |||||
| Female | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | |||||
| Sexual orientation | |||||||||
| Gay / Lesbian | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | |||||
| Bisexual / Pansexual | 0.76 (0.49) | 0.06 | 0.74 (0.46) | 0.06 | |||||
| Others | 1.52 (0.86) | 0.06 | 0.92 (0.80) | 0.04 | |||||
| Age | |||||||||
| 16 – 25 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | |||||
| 26 – 35 | -0.30 (0.57) | -0.02 | -0.17 (0.54) | -0.02 | |||||
| 36 or above | -1.35 (0.78) | -0.07 | -1.20 (0.73) | -0.07 | |||||
| Education level | |||||||||
| Secondary or below | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | |||||
| Post-secondary | -0.89 (0.81) | -0.05 | -0.72 (0.76) | -0.04 | |||||
| Bachelor's degree or above | -0.76 (0.59) | -0.06 | -0.23 (0.56) | -0.02 | |||||
| Employment status | |||||||||
| In employment | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | |||||
| Not in employment | -1.34 (0.98) | -0.05 | -1.60 (0.92) | -0.07 | |||||
| Student | -1.20 (0.79) | -0.10 | -1.03 (0.73) | -0.09 | |||||
| Monthly personal income | |||||||||
| Below HK$5,000 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | |||||
| HK$5,001 – HK$19,999 | -1.14 (0.70) | -0.09 | -0.94 (0.65) | -0.08 | |||||
| HK$20,000 or above | -2.19 (0.83)** | -0.17** | -1.95 (0.77)* | -0.17* | |||||
| Relationship status | |||||||||
| Single | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | |||||
| In an exclusive relationship | -1.35 (0.43)** | -0.11** | -0.95 (0.40)* | -0.09* | |||||
| In an open relationship | 0.23 (1.19) | 0.01 | 0.27 (1.11) | 0.01 | |||||
| Living arrangement | |||||||||
| Living alone | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | |||||
| Living with family members / partners / friends | -0.73 (0.77) | -0.03 | -0.53 (0.72) | -0.03 | |||||
| Block 2: General COVID-19-related stressors | 0.15 | 15.54*** | 0.14 | 15.61*** | |||||
| Health worries | 0.06 (0.18) | 0.01 | 0.40 (0.17)* | 0.09* | |||||
| Actual health problems | 0.51 (0.20)* | 0.12* | 0.38 (0.19)* | 0.10* | |||||
| Financial worries | 1.21 (0.24)*** | 0.18*** | 0.68 (0.22)** | 0.11** | |||||
| Actual financial strain | 0.13 (0.20) | 0.03 | 0.07 (0.19) | 0.02 | |||||
| Disruption in daily routine | 0.34 (0.19) | 0.06 | 0.51 (0.18)** | 0.10** | |||||
| Reduced social contact with friends | 0.56 (0.19) | 0.10** | 0.60 (0.18)** | 0.12** | |||||
| Block 3: Sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors | 0.17 | 6.25** | 0.15 | 4.62* | |||||
| Family conflict related to sexual orientation | 0.80 (0.24)** | 0.11** | 0.66 (0.22)** | 0.10** | |||||
| Reduced connection to LGBT+ community | -0.27 (0.16) | -0.06 | -0.18 (0.15) | -0.04 | |||||
| Block 4: Interaction (General COVID-19-related stressors × Sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors) | 0.19 | 1.77* | 0.16 | 0.88 | |||||
| Health worries × Family conflict related to sexual orientation | -0.16 (0.26) | -0.03 | -0.07 (0.25) | -0.01 | |||||
| Actual health problems × Family conflict related to sexual orientation | -0.08 (0.25) | -0.02 | -0.19 (0.24) | -0.04 | |||||
| Financial worries × Family conflict related to sexual orientation | 0.83 (0.26)** | 0.14** | 0.46 (0.25) | 0.09 | |||||
| Actual financial strain × Family conflict related to sexual orientation | -0.15 (0.25) | -0.03 | 0.09 (0.23) | 0.02 | |||||
| Disruption in daily routine × Family conflict related to sexual orientation | 0.45 (0.24) | 0.07 | 0.13 (0.23) | 0.02 | |||||
| Reduced social contact with friends × Family conflict related to sexual orientation | -0.03 (0.25) | -0.01 | 0.04 (0.23) | 0.01 | |||||
| Health worries × Reduced connection to LGBT+ community | -0.21 (0.13) | -0.06 | -0.18 (0.12) | -0.05 | |||||
| Actual health problems × Reduced connection to LGBT+ community | 0.01 (0.15) | 0.003 | -0.09 (0.14) | -0.03 | |||||
| Financial worries × Reduced connection to LGBT+ community | 0.04 (0.18) | 0.01 | -0.11 (0.17) | -0.02 | |||||
| Actual financial strain × Reduced connection to LGBT+ community | -0.01 (0.15) | -0.003 | 0.10 (0.14) | 0.03 | |||||
| Disruption in daily routine × Reduced connection to LGBT+ community | 0.16 (0.14) | 0.04 | 0.04 (0.13) | 0.01 | |||||
| Reduced social contact with friends × Reduced connection to LGBT+ community | -0.14 (0.14) | -0.04 | -0.09 (0.13) | -0.03 | |||||
Note. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001