Fig. 3.
Functional consequences of elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs). Elevations of both ROS and [Ca2+]i promote normal physiologic responses, such as hypoxic vasoconstriction, maladaptive responses such as EC adaptation to shear stress and stretch and lastly, pathologic responses such as increased migration and proliferation