Table 2.
Multilevel estimates for same-day effects of entrepreneurial stressors and family support on entrepreneurial well-being.
|
Positive emotions |
Negative emotions |
Job satisfaction |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
Model 5 |
Model 6 |
Model 7 |
Model 8 |
Model 9 |
|||||||||
| b | SE | b | SE | b | SE | b | SE | b | SE | b | SE | b | SE | b | SE | b | SE | |
| Fixed effects | ||||||||||||||||||
| Intercept | 3.21*** | 0.49 | 3.19*** | 0.48 | 2.94 | 0.43 | 1.82*** | 0.41 | 1.73*** | 0.39 | 1.89*** | 0.37 | 2.78*** | 0.44 | 2.92*** | 0.42 | 2.76*** | 0.39 |
| Control variables | ||||||||||||||||||
| Age | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | -0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Gender | -0.08 | 0.20 | -0.12 | 0.19 | -0.19 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.15 | -0.00 | 0.17 | -0.02 | 0.17 | -0.08 | 0.16 |
| Marital status | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 0.18 | -0.14 | 0.17 | -0.18 | 0.16 | -0.13 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
| Prior venture experience | 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.29† | 0.15 | -0.08 | 0.14 | -0.15 | 0.13 | -0.19 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.16 |
| Firm age | -0.02 | 0.02 | -0.02 | 0.02 | -0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.02 | -0.00 | 0.02 | -0.01 | 0.02 | -0.03† | 0.02 | -0.02 | 0.02 | -0.01 | 0.02 |
| Firm size | -0.00 | 0.01 | -0.00 | 0.01 | -0.02 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | -0.01 | 0.01 | -0.00 | 0.01 | -0.00 | 0.01 |
| Time | -0.01** | 0.00 | -0.02*** | 0.00 | -0.02*** | 0.00 | -0.01** | 0.01 | -0.02** | 0.01 | -0.02** | 0.01 | -0.02*** | 0.01 | -0.02** | 0.01 | -0.02** | 0.01 |
| Main effects | ||||||||||||||||||
| Workload stressor (BP) | -0.05 | 0.13 | -0.01 | 0.12 | -0.15 | 0.11 | 0.38*** | 0.10 | 0.36*** | 0.10 | 0.44*** | 0.10 | 0.20† | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.11 |
| Financial stressor (WP) | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.12** | 0.03 | 0.12** | 0.04 | 0.13** | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| Workload stressor (BP) | -0.07 | 0.09 | -0.07 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.16*** | 0.08 | 0.19* | 0.07 | 0.14† | 0.07 | -0.08 | 0.08 | -0.10 | 0.08 | -0.03 | 0.08 |
| Financial stressor (WP) | -0.03 | 0.04 | -0.02 | 0.04 | -0.03 | 0.04 | 0.16*** | 0.04 | 0.14** | 0.05 | 0.13* | 0.05 | -0.05 | 0.05 | -0.01 | 0.06 | -0.01 | 0.06 |
| Family support (BP) | 0.50*** | 0.11 | 0.56*** | 0.10 | 0.48*** | 0.11 | -0.01 | 0.09 | -0.01 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.58*** | 0.09 | 0.56 | 0.09 | 0.56*** | 0.10 |
| Family support (WP) | 0.32*** | 0.04 | 0.31*** | 0.06 | 0.31*** | 0.06 | -0.03 | 0.05 | -0.03 | 0.05 | -0.03 | 0.05 | 0.34*** | 0.05 | 0.37 | 0.06 | 0.37*** | 0.06 |
| Interaction effects | ||||||||||||||||||
| WS × FP (BP) | -0.67*** | 0.16 | 0.42** | 0.14 | -0.38* | 0.15 | ||||||||||||
| FS × FP (WP) | 0.11 | 0.06 | -0.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | ||||||||||||
| WS × FP (BP) | 0.50** | 0.16 | -0.28* | 0.14 | 0.39* | 0.15 | ||||||||||||
| FS × FP (WP) | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.09 | -0.08 | 0.11 | ||||||||||||
| Random effects | ||||||||||||||||||
| Intercept variance | 0.28 | 0.53 | 0.29 | 0.54 | 0.22 | 0.46 | 0.18 | 0.42 | 0.18 | 0.43 | 0.16 | 0.40 | 0.20 | 0.45 | 0.21 | 0.46 | 0.18 | 0.42 |
| Slope variance (CS) | 0.02** | 0.15 | 0.02*** | 0.15 | 0.03** | 0.16 | 0.03† | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.02† | 0.13 | ||||||
| Slope variance (HS) | 0.01** | 0.11 | 0.01*** | 0.11 | 0.02** | 0.15 | 0.02† | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.02† | 0.15 | ||||||
| Slope variance (FP) | 0.07** | 0.26 | 0.07*** | 0.26 | 0.02** | 0.15 | 0.02† | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0.02† | 0.14 | ||||||
| Residual | 0.27 | 0.52 | 0.24 | 0.49 | 0.24 | 0.49 | 0.34 | 0.58 | 0.31 | 0.56 | 0.31 | 0.57 | 0.46 | 0.68 | 0.44 | 0.66 | 0.44 | 0.66 |
| Pseudo-R2 | 0.27/0.65 | 0.30/0.70 | 0.39/0.70 | 0.26/0.52 | 0.25/0.55 | 0.29/0.56 | 0.25/0.48 | 0.24/0.50 | 0.27/0.50 | |||||||||
Note. SE = standard error; WS = workload stressor; FS = Financial stressor ; FP = family support BP = between-person; WP = Within-person. The right side of Pseudo-R2is the marginal R and the left side is the conditional R of the models. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; †p < 0.10.