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Effects of L. salivarius on TLR- and NOD-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways. IPEC-J2 cells collected from the 6-well dishes at 3, 6, 12, 24 h after ETEC K88 challenge. The relative expressions of mRNA for (a) TLR2, (b) TLR4, (c) NLRP3 and (d) NLRP6 were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Data are presented as means ± SEM of three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001
