Table 1.
Clinical, angiographic and procedural characteristics
| Variables | Overall (n=1987) | <15 mm (n=957) | ≥15 mm (n=1030) | P value |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age, years | 57.1±10.5 | 58.0±10.3 | 56.3±10.6 | <0.001 |
| Female, % | 344 (17.3) | 189 (19.7) | 155 (15.0) | 0.006 |
| Prior MI, n (%) | 980 (49.3) | 460 (48.1) | 520 (50.5) | 0.281 |
| Prior PCI, n (%) | 179 (9.0) | 72 (7.5) | 107 (10.4) | 0.025 |
| Prior CABG, n (%) | 63 (3.2) | 26 (2.7) | 37 (3.6) | 0.264 |
| Prior stroke, n (%) | 149 (7.5) | 63 (6.6) | 86 (8.3) | 0.134 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 790 (39.8) | 355 (37.1) | 435 (42.2) | 0.04 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1267 (63.8) | 636 (66.5) | 631 (61.3) | 0.016 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 1677 (48.4) | 793 (82.9) | 884 (85.8) | 0.069 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 612 (30.8) | 290 (30.3) | 322 (31.3) | 0.643 |
| Family history of CAD, n (%) | 235 (11.8) | 102 (10.7) | 133 (12.9) | 0.119 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.5±3.3 | 26.3±3.2 | 26.6±3.4 | 0.09 |
| Stable angina, n (%) | 1087 (54.7) | 515 (53.8) | 572 (55.5) | 0.442 |
| LVEF, % | 60.4±8.3 | 60.7±8.0 | 60.2±8.6 | 0.175 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 100.7±28.8 | 98.9±27.9 | 102.2±29.6 | 0.023 |
| PAD, n (%) | 90 (4.5) | 38 (4.0) | 52 (5.0) | 0.247 |
| Angiographic characteristics | ||||
| LAD CTO, n (%) | 827 (41.6) | 404 (41.2) | 423 (39.2) | 0.341 |
| LCX CTO, n (%) | 316 (15.9) | 172 (17.6) | 144 (13.3) | 0.008 |
| RCA CTO, n (%) | 913 (45.9) | 400 (40.8) | 513 (47.5) | 0.002 |
| Previous attempt, n (%) | 48 (2.3) | 17 (1.7) | 31 (2.9) | 0.085 |
| Calcification, n (%) | 172 (8.3) | 71 (7.2) | 101 (9.4) | 0.083 |
| Bending, n (%) | 158 (7.7) | 24 (2.4) | 134 (12.4) | <0.001 |
| Blunt stump, n (%) | 128 (6.2) | 51 (5.2) | 77 (7.1) | 0.069 |
| J-CTO score | 1.4±1.0 | 0.8±0.7 | 1.8±1.0 | <0.001 |
| SYNTAX score | 19.2±8.4 | 19.6±8.2 | 18.9±8.6 | 0.088 |
| Procedural characteristics | ||||
| Previous attempt, n (%) | 48 (2.3) | 17 (1.7) | 31 (2.9) | 0.085 |
| Retrograde approach, n (%) | 37 (1.8) | 4 (0.4) | 33 (3.1) | <0.001 |
| Use of DES, n (%) | 1390 (70.0) | 674 (70.4) | 716 (69.5) | 0.657 |
| Contrast volume, mL | 182.8±119.7 | 179.4±115.2 | 186.0±123.0 | 0.241 |
All values are shown as number (%) or mean±SD. Bold values are statistically significant (p<0.05).
BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; CTO, chronic total occlusion; DES, drug eluted stent; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; J-CTO, multicenter CTO registry of Japan; LAD, left anterior descending artery; LCX, left circumflex artery; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral artery disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; RCA, right coronary artery; SYNTAX, synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with taxus and cardiac surgery.