Figure 2.

Impact of RYGB on biochemical, structural and ultrastructural indices of diabetic renal injury. (A) Representative images of glomerular desmin expression (immunohistochemistry 20×, scale bar 200 µM) and glomerular ultrastructure (TEM, 9900×, scale bar 1 µM) in fa/+, SHAM and RYGB rats. (B) Urinary ACR (μg/mg) during the week before surgery and at postoperative week 8. (C) Glomerular volume was assessed in 30 glomeruli per animal and the median glomerular volume (μm³) calculated. (D) Glomerular desmin positivity (cells/mm²) was assessed in 25 glomeruli per animal. (E) PFPF, (F) PFPD and (G) GBM thickness were assessed using TEM. For B, p<0.05 vs baseline. For C through H, *p<0.05 vs fa/+; #p<0.05 vs SHAM. ACR, albumin- to-creatinine ratio; GBM, glomerular basement membrane; PFPD, podocyte foot process diameter; PFPF, podocyte foot process frequency; RYGB, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; SHAM, sham surgery (laparotomy); TEM, transmission electron microscopy.