Table 2.
Targets of IgE autoantibodies in atopic dermatitis
| Human autoantigens | Synonym | Molecular weight (kDa) | Prevalence (% of autoreactive AD patients) | Healthy controls | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actin α | ACTA2 | 42 | 15.5% (11/71) | 0% (0/24) | Alpha smooth muscle actin | Zeller et al. [36] |
| Autologous sweat | MGL_1304 | 29 |
84.4% (56/66)* 77.0% (47/61)** 5–27% (children) 29–65% (adults) |
11.1% (3/27)* 8.7% (4/46)** |
Product from Malassezia globosa, sharing homologs with other Malassezia species, but no cross-antigenicity with human proteins |
Hide et al. [54] Tanaka et al. [55] Glatz et al. [107] |
| Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-directed epitopes: |
SART2161 SART3109 SART3315 ART475 CypB84 CypB91 CypB |
21 |
2.5% (1/40) 37.5% (15/40) 15% (6/40) 10% (4/40) 27.5% (11/40) 17.5% (7/40) 9.2% (6/71) |
4.9% (2/41) 29.3% (12/41) 17.1% (7/41) 12.2% (5/41) 29.3% (12/41) 31.7% (13/41) 0% (0/24) |
SART, ART4, CypB; highly expressed in proliferating cells SART; squamous cell carcinoma antigen. Tumor associated antigen recognized by CTL ART4; Adenocarcinoma antigens recognized by T cells 4 CypB; cyclophilin B, identified in all cell types in the endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus and in serum. Associated with progression of inflammatory diseases |
Kawamoto et al. [30] Zeller et al. [36] |
| Dense fine speckles (DFS70)/Lens epithelium derived growth factor (LEDGF) | 70 |
15% (9/61) 62.5% (10/16) |
0% (0/20) 0% (0/1) |
Survival factor, growth factor, HIV-transporter, nuclear antigen |
Watanabe et al. [31] Ochs et al. [57] |
|
| eIF6 | 27 | 25.4% (19/71) | 0% (0/24) | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6, nuclear and ribosomal protein | Zeller et al. [36] | |
| Epidermal keratinocytes | 37% (10/27) | 0% (0/6) | Kortekangas-Savolainen et al. [33] | |||
| Epidermis | 22% (12/54) | 0% (0/138) | Altrichter et al. 35] | |||
| Epithelial cell line A431 | 25–97 |
43.1% (22/51) 60% (12/20) 91.7% (11/12) 17% (9/54) 72.7% (8/11) 23% (40/174) |
0% (0/1) 0% (0/2) 0% (0/6) 0% (0/138) 0% (0/26) |
Natter et al. [19] Valenta et al. [17] Aichberger et al. [37] Altrichter et al. [35] Mittermann et al. [38] Mothes et al. [20] |
||
| HLA-DR | 24 | 8.7% (7/71) | 0% (0/24) | Human leukocyte antigen, expressed on Langerhans cells, macrophages, keratinocytes and dendritic cells | Zeller et al. [36] | |
| Hom s 1 | SART-1 | 55–60 | Cytoplasmatic and nuclear protein, SART1 almost identical sequence homology with Hom s1 | Valenta et al. [18] | ||
| Hom s 2 | α-NAC | 23.2 | 27.3% (3/11) | Nascent polypeptide-associated complex, subunit α. Regulation of gene transcription |
Mittermann et al. [38] Mossabeb et al. [108] |
|
| Hom s 3 | BCL7B | 20.1 | Sequence identity with intracellular oncoprotein BCL7B. Positive regulator of apoptosis, maintenance of nuclear structure, stem cell differentiation | Natter et al. [19] | ||
| Hom s 4 | MICU1, CALC | 54 | 16.7% (2/12) | 0% (0/6) | Basic protein which belongs to subfamily of calcium-binding proteins | Aichberger et al. [37] |
| Hom s 5 | Cytokeratin 6A, K6A, KRT6D | 56–70 | Keratin type II cytoskeletal 6A. Structural constituent of cytoskeleton | Natter et al. [19] | ||
| Human manganese superoxide dismutase (hMnSOD) | Asp f6 | 22 |
42% (29/69) 14.8% (4/27) 17,6% (adults, 3/17)* 10% (children, 1/10)* |
0% (0/5) 0% 0/27) 0% (0/17)* 0% (0/10)* |
Nuclear-encoded enzyme, located in mitochondria. Cross reactivity with Mala s 11 and Hev b 10 |
Schmid-Grendelmeier et al. [34] Guarneri et al. [109] Vilhelmsson et al. [110] Andersson et al. [111] |
| Human thioredoxins (hTrx) | 12 |
5% (3/61) 23.4% (16/71) |
0% (0/20) 0% (0/24) |
Small intracellular redox proteins involved in many important biological processes. 45% identity with Mala s13 |
Watanabe et al. [31] Zeller et al. [36] Schmid-Grendelmeieret al. [8] Limacher et al. [66] |
|
| IgE, CH3 and CH4 domains | Unknown (n = 19 AD) | Unknown (n = 13 HC) | Czech W et al. [112] | |||
| Ribosomal protein P2 | RPLP2, Asp f8 | Ribosomal phosphoprotein with a role in the elongation step of protein synthesis | Mayer et al. [113] | |||
| RP1 | MAPRE2 | 39 | 29.0% (21/71) | 0% (0/24) | Microtubule polymerization and stabilizing function | Zeller et al. [36] |
| Tubulin α 1a | TUBA1a | 50 | 21.7% (14/71) | 0% (0/24) | Formation of microtubules for cytoskeletal structure | Zeller et al. [36] |
* Investigated using skin prick test, not specific auto-IgE
** Investigated using histamine release from basophils