Table 2.

General available information of therapy with high-dose glucocorticoids, rituximab, tocilizumab, and teprotumumab for moderate-to-severe and TAO, as resulting from randomized clinical trials.

	Intravenous Glucocorticoids	Rituximab	Tocilizumab	Teprotumumab
Proof-of-principle study	More effective than placebo	Not different from placebo*	More effective than placebo	More effective than placebo
Short-term side effects	Known	Known	Known	Known
Long-term side effects	Known	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
Durability	Known	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
Comparison with intravenous glucocorticoids	------------------	Yes*	No	No

^*One small, monocentric randomized clinical trial (71) showed no difference between placebo and rituximab; another small, monocentric randomized clinical trial (72) showed similar effectiveness of intravenous glucocorticoids and rituximab in inactivating TAO and a low relapse rate with rituximab after treatment withdrawal