Table 1.

Immunosenescence features shared by the most common age-related diseases

	Neurodegenerative diseases	Rheumatoid arthritis	Cancer	Cardiovascular diseases	Metabolic diseases	References
Innate immunity
Inflammaging	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	[8, 25, 57, 66, 79, 99]
Expansion of M1 macrophages	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	[24, 57, 79, 94, 100, 101]
Expansion of CD14++CD16+ monocytes		✓	✓	✓	✓	[73, 102–104]
Expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells		✓	✓	✓		[105, 106]
Adaptive immunity
Decreased thymic function		✓				[107]
Contraction of T cell repertoire		✓				[108]
Expansion in late-differentiated CD28− T cells	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	[15, 28, 29, 52, 82]
Expansion of TEMRA cells	✓	✓				[17, 31]
Expansion of regulatory T cells (FoxP3+)			✓	✓		[54, 109]
Increased CMV serology	✓	✓	✓	✓		[52, 110–113]
Increased plasma autoantibodies	✓	✓		✓		[44, 114–116]

Abbreviations: CMV, cytomegalovirus; FoxP3, forkhead box P3; T_EMRA, effector memory T cells re-expressing CD45RA