Table 4.

Key data collection methods of the reviewed articles

Author	Quantitative measures	Qualitative data
Allan et al 46	Precourse and postcourse programme evaluation questionnaires.
Aveling et al 39		Non-participant observation, interviews and documentary analysis.
Carroll et al 25		Ethnographic observations, video footage of reflexive feedback sessions.
Falcone et al 40	Multidisciplinary team simulation evaluation tool.
Fransen et al 47	Composite outcome of low Apgar score, severe postpartum haemorrhage, trauma due to shoulder dystocia, eclampsia and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.
Hor et al 36		Semistructured interviews, ethnographic observations and reflexive focus groups.
Iedema et al 37	Preimplementation and postimplementation surveys to measure nurse perceptions of new handover protocol. Analysis of video footage scored on specific categories proposed by emergency department clinicians.	Focus groups, ethnographic observation and reflexive focus groups.
Iedema and Carroll41		Interviews, documentary analysis, ethnographic observations and reflexive feedback sessions.
Iedema et al 38		Interviews, ethnographic observations and reflexive feedback sessions.
Iedema et al 42	Analysis of unit spending costs per patient admission.	Interviews, ethnographic observations and reflexive feedback sessions.
Iedema et al 43		Focus groups, ethnographic observations and reflexive feedback meetings.
Lehner et al 44	Precourse and postcourse evaluation surveys.
Patterson et al 45	Number and type of latent safety threats identified during simulations. Blinded video review of teamwork behaviours using a modified Anaesthetists Non-Technical Skills scale. Electronic survey to measure participant assessment of the course.
Patterson et al 48	Number of days without a patient safety event in the emergency department. Knowledge tests at baseline, postintervention and re-evaluation, Safety Attitudes Questionnaire scores.
Ross et al 49	Premodule and postmodule questionnaire scores to assess participant self-confidence.	Simulation observations and follow-up staff interviews post-training.