Table 2.

Alteration of Gut Microbiota Among HIV Patients

Authorref.	Method	Type of specimen	Major finding
Cook et al.3	16S rRNA sequencing	Rectal swab and blood sample	In HIV patients with RNA <20 copies/mL Campylobacter Parasutterella and Brachyspira bacteria depleted. HIV patients with RNA ≤200 copies/mL group had shown depletions in Barnesiella, Helicobacter, and Brachyspira compared with control groups. Alloprevotell and Pophyromonas were higher in HIV patients with RNA ≥200 mL copies group.
Villar-Garcia et al.10	16S rRNA sequencing	Stool and blood sample	Clostridia, Proteobacteria, and Lachnospiraceae were of higher proportions in the INR than the IR group.
Lu et al.11	Flow cytometry	Stool and blood sample	Increased Preovtella copri and Prevotella stercorea in the VU group. A lower abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Haemophilus parainfluenzae was observed in IR and INR groups compared with the VU group (FDR <0.3).
Dinh et al.14	16S rRNA sequencing	Stool and blood sample	Enterobacteriales and Enterobacteriaceae were enriched in cases. Rikenellaceae and Alistipes were depleted in cases whereas they were enriched in controls.
Machiavelli et al.15	16S rRNA sequencing	Stool and blood sample	Prevotellaceae and Paraprevotellaceae increased in HIV patients.
Liu et al.21	16S rRNA sequencing	Stool and blood sample	Abundances of Allisonella and Anaerovibrio (p < .0001) were higher and Oscillospira (p = .001) and Eggerthella (p = .047) were lower in cases compared with controls.
Ling et al.26	454 Pyrosequencing	Fecal	Faecalibacterium and Erysipelotrichaceae incertaesedis siginificantly increased and Clostridium and Barnesiela decreased in HIV patients whereas Bacteroidete were increased in uninfected controls.
Lee et al.28	16S rRNA sequencing	Rectal swabs and blood	Fusobacterium was significantly enriched, and the family Corynebacteriaceae and its genus Corynebacterium order Lactobacillales were depleted in the sIR. An increase in the abundance of the family Veilonellaceae and a depletion of the genus Eubacterium in HIV patients were observed.
Dillon et al.32	16S rRNA sequencing	Colonic biopsies and stool, blood	The RA of BPB species was significantly lower in the colonic mucosa of HIV patients relative to controls (p = .009). Roseburia intestinalis (p = .06) decreased in HIV patients.
Rhoades et al.33	16S rRNA	Blood sample, a rectal swab	The HIV patients' guts were enriched in Garnerella, Snethia, Fusobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Helicobater. HIV-negative individuals had a significantly higher relative abundance of Oxalobacteria, Streptococcus, Enhydrobacter, Eggerthella, and Clostridiaceae 02d06.

16S rRNA, 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid; FDR, false discovery rate.