Table 3.

General Characteristics of the Included Studies on Probiotics/Prebiotics Effects

AuthorRef.	Study design	Year	Sample size	Age of participant (year)	Sex	Country
Villar-Garcia et al.10	Double-blinded control trial study	2017	22 IR (>400 CD4+)	44 (37–49)a	37 M	Spain
			22 INR (<270 CD4+)	52 (47–57)a	7 F
Deusch et al.50	Blinded randomized study	2018	5 VU	NA	5 M	Spain, Madrid
			7 IR		6 M, 1 F
			4 INR		4 M
			6 HC		4 M, 2 F
d'Ettorre et al.57	Longitudinal nonrandomized pilot study	2017	10 HIV+	42 (22–53)b	M	Italy, Rome
d'Ettorre et al.61	Longitudinal pilot study	2015	20 (HIV)	54 (27–72)b	17 M, 3 F	Italy, Rome
			11 (HC)	43 (28–73)b	4 M, 7 F
Scheri et al.62	Pilot study	2017	8 HIV	42 (31–50)c	M	Italy
Serrano-Villar et al.65	Blinded randomized study	2017	HIV+ (VU) = 12	34 (33–35)c	11 M, 1 F	Spain
			HIV (treated) = 8 INR	48 (41–53)c	8 M
			HIV (treated) = 8 IR	40 (33–48)c	13 M, 2 F
			HC = 9	47 (31–60)c	6 M, 3 F

Values are shown as ^aSD, ^bmedian (range), ^cmedian (IQR) for age.

F, female; M, male; NA, not available.