Figure 1.
Schematic illustration of TE. TE measures the influence of source signal X on target signal Y and is based on information theory. The information transfer from signal X to Y is measured by the difference of two mutual information values I[Y F; XP, Y P] and I[Y F; Y P], where XP, Y P and Y F are, respectively, the past of source and target signals and the future of target signal. The difference corresponds to information transferred from the past of source signal XP to the future of target signal Y F and not from the past of the target signal itself. The average overall vector points measure the information transferred from the source signal to the target signal. (Courtesy of Lee et al. [29].)